5o6 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



the author has had this well in mind in preparing his second edition. For the 

 student and also the engineer who wishes to keep up-to-date in the develop- 

 ment of machinery, it is essential to be able to refer to descriptions of various 

 plants. For the student it is necessary, not only that he may understand 

 the general methods of operation, but to give him also an idea of the problems 

 to which to apply his theory, for too many texts are given us which deal 

 with raw theory alone, not co-ordinating with it the practical part of the 

 problem. 



The first part of the text deals very fully with the various types and 

 their methods of operation and is amply illustrated. In Chapter VI are 

 discussed the Callendar formulae for steam, including their uses in the case 

 of supersaturation, several arithmetical examples being given to make 

 matters clear. 



The important methods of " Nomographic Calculation " as applied to 

 the total heat per pound of steam are carefully explained, although the use 

 of a series of large diagrams in the design office is often not as convenient as 

 it might appear. 



The matter of nozzles and blading has been dealt with in a complete 

 and masterly way from both practical and theoretical points of view. The 

 question of stresses in modern turbine blading, which have increased con- 

 siderably during the last decade, has been discussed freely. 



A marked reduction in the amount of arithmetical work has been effected 

 in the solution of the equations for disk stresses by the use of certain charts. 

 On this follows the question of critical speeds, and in this connection an 

 example on the " three-bearing " problem is worked out fully. 



In a chapter on Mechanical Reduction Gears are set forth clearly the 

 pros and cons of various designs of gears, together with the stresses and 

 strains involved. It may be a little questionable as to whether the matter 

 of gearing finds a proper place in a text on the turbine, in spite of their close 

 relationship, but the excellence of the treatment more than justifies its 

 inclusion. 



Under Steam Consumption the use of correction curves for varying 

 steam conditions is given, also the correction for changes of vacuum for 

 partial loads, a matter generally neglected. 



Many turbine designers are at present directing their attention to the 

 matter of " feed heating," thus introducing the regenerative principle into 

 the steam cycle. The improvement of efficiency due to this is explained and 

 fully worked out in an actual example. 



A design is given for each of the standard types of machine, the procedure 

 being set out clearly, while in the final chapter are explained the usual 

 methods of governing, and this, as throughout the text, is copiously illustrated. 



The new edition is certainly the standard text, and Prof. Goudie is to be 

 heartily congratulated on his production. 



MISCELLANEOUS 



The Petroleum and Allied Industries. By James Kewley, M.A., F.I.C. 

 [Pp. xii + 302, with 41 figures in the text.] (London : Baillidre, 

 Tindall & Cox, 1922, Price 12s. 6d. net.) 



This volume is one of a series of fifteen published works dealing with the 

 more important phases of industrial chemistry. In scope, the work 

 is certainly more ambitious than most of its companion volumes, since the task 

 of condensing the many and varied ramifications of the petroleum industry 

 into the compass of a book of this size is indeed formidable. We have only 

 to think of the latest edition of Redwood to appreciate this point. There are, 

 in fact, exceedingly few men who would contemplate the task with equanimity 

 — still fewer would achieve satisfactory results. Although there is admittedly 



