ZOOLOGY 569 



Kupfers auf Pflanzen mit Rucksicht auf die sogenannte Bordeaux- 



briihe," Arb. Biol. Anst., 1905, 4, 157-200. 

 ScHRAUDER, R., " Uber die physiologische Wirkung der Kupferkalkbruhe," 



Landw. Jahrh., 1904, 33, 517-84. 

 ZucKER, A., " Beitrage zur direkten Beeinflussung der Pflanzen durch die 



Kupfer- vitriol- Kalkbriihe." Thesis, Stuttgart, 1896. 



ZOOLOGY. By Reginald James Ludford, Ph.D., B.Sc, University 



College, London. 



Protozoology. — R. L. Phillips describes in the Jour. Expt. Zool., 

 vol. xxxvi, No. 2, Aug. 1922, a series of experiments on the 

 continued growth of Paramoecium aurelia in pure cultures and 

 mixtures of bacteria isolated from hay infusions and other 

 infusions used for growing Paramoecium. Mixtures of bacteria 

 appear to be the most satisfactory food. Of all the artificial 

 mixtures tested, only two furnished adequate food over a long 

 period of time. " When Paramoecia are fed with known 

 mixtures of bacteria, it is found that minor fluctuations in 

 division rate occur which are independent of endomixis, and, 

 like it, do not seem to be greatly influenced by environment. 

 The evidence gathered tends to favour constancy of food rather 

 than frequent change. The influence of ordinary media is 

 practically without effect. Paramoecium is unable to utilise 

 food substances dissolved in such media." 



Cytology. — T. S. P. Strangeways has made a series of obser- 

 vations on cells of the embryonic choroid of the chick during 

 growth in vitro (" Observations on the Changes seen in Living 

 Cells during Growth and Division," Proc. R.S., vol. xciv, 

 No. B, 658). During the " resting " stage of the cells, nucleoli 

 were seen to undergo amoeboid movements, and division and 

 subsequent fusion of the parts of this nuclear organ occurred 

 fairly frequently. Complete cell division was found to take 

 from 23 to 65 minutes, and the interval between two successive 

 divisions was between 11 to 12 hours. The writer states 

 that the impression given by many observations is that the 

 formation of the nucleolus during the telophase of cell 

 division, is intimately associated with the disappearance of 

 the chromosomes, " but further observations and study are 

 required on this point." 



The behaviour of the Golgi Apparatus in the cells of the 

 mammary gland of the rat and guinea-pig has been investigated 

 by C. Da Fano (" On Golgi 's Internal Apparatus in Different 

 Physiological Conditions of the Mammary Gland," Jour, of 

 Pkys., vol. Ivi, No. 6, Oct. 1922). It was found that in the 

 virginal condition of the animals, the apparatus consisted of 

 one or more small reticular portions, situated close to the 

 nucleus on the side facing the glandular lamina. During 

 pregnancy the apparatus enlarges and tends to surround the 



