574 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



remain attached to the basal stump or vestige of it, but loses 

 its connection with the parapophysis and joins with the rib- 

 bearer. This change in rib attachment is correlated with the 

 dorsal shifting of the horizontal septum (" The Morphology 

 of the Ribs and Transverse Processes in Nediirus maculaius," 

 Jour, of Morph., vol. xxxvi, No. 4, Sept. 1922). 



In " Notes on the Anatomy of Cacopus systoma, an 

 Indian Toad of the Family Engystomatidae " {Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. Lond., Part III, Sept. 1922), D. W. Devanesen points 

 out that most of its special peculiarities are attributable to the 

 nature of its food, which consists almost entirely of termites, 

 and its habit of passing the greater part of its life underground 

 and seeking water only for breeding purposes. A new structure 

 was found in the pharynx of this toad, which the writer has 

 named the " pharyngeal organ." 



The morphology of the carapace of the tortoise Testudo 

 loveridgii Blgr. is described by J. B. Procter in the Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. Lond. (Part III, Sept. 1922). This tortoise is of 

 special interest in that it has an excessively depressed, soft- 

 shelled carapace, and is able to inflate itself to a certain degree. 

 It possesses a bony carapace and plastron, but they are exten- 

 sively fenestrated, incomplete, and similar in essentials to the 

 juvenile stages of other species. Several points of importance 

 in the study of the morphogeny of the chelonian carapace have 

 arisen in this study. The writer finds that fenestration in 

 this and other species is caused by arrested development, 

 and not, as has been generally supposed, by absorption with 

 age. Evidence is also adduced to show that the development 

 of the bony plates in T. loveridgii and the young of other 

 species points to the neurals and costals being of dermal origin 

 (" A Study of the Remarkable Tortoise Testudo loveridgii 

 Blgr., and the Morphogeny of the Chelonian Carapace "). 



A paper by C. Forster Cooper on " Miocene Proboscidia 

 from Baluchistan " {Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Part III, 1922) 

 contains a description of some Proboscidian remains obtained 

 during two expeditions to the Lower Miocene deposits of Dera 

 Bugti, Baluchistan. Special interest is attached to these 

 remains as they throw some further light on the earliest known 

 Indian elephants, Bunolophodon angustidens and a small 

 Dinotherium were the forms found. The former is a small 

 type more primitive than the French ones from Sansan. 

 Lydekker's subspecific name var. palceindica may be retained 

 for the present until intermediate forms are found to occur. 

 The Dinotherium does not differ from the smaller European 

 forms nor from D. nobleyi of Africa. 



In a paper " On Truncated Umbilical Arteries in some 

 Indian Mammals " {Jour, of Anat., vol. Ivi, Parts III and IV), 



