ANTHROPOLOGY 585 



side the story is almost pure hypothesis. Peake writes a short 

 rejoinder in the same number of the Journal, in which he states 

 that the Battle-axe People were identical with the Bronze Age 

 invaders of Britain, The chief desideratum is, however, direct 

 skeletal evidence ; on this side of the question, the Scandinavians 

 are in much worse case than we are in Great Britain. Nord- 

 man's contention that there were no Aryans, Teutonic or 

 otherwise, in the north before the coming of the Battle-axe 

 People will not be readily accepted. On the racial question, 

 we can at present hardly do better than look backwards from 

 the earliest historic conditions ; but those conditions do not 

 seem to favour the interpretation that there had been a mere 

 imposition of a Teutonic ruling class. 



The following papers may also be noted : 



In the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (vol. lii, January- 

 June 1922) : " The Unity of Anthropology," being the presidential address 

 of the late Dr. W. H. R. Rivers ; and the " Anthropology of the Chiltern 

 Hills," by H. Bradbrooke and F. G. Parsons. And in the American Journal 

 of Physical Anthropology, vol. iv, No. 4 (October-December 1921) : " Age 

 Changes in the Pubic Bone," by T. Wingate Todd. And in the same Journal, 

 vol. v. No. I (January-March 1922) : " A Remarkable Human Lower Jaw 

 from Peru," by G. G. MacCurdy ; " New Discoveries of Neandertal Man at 

 La Quina and La Ferrassie," also by G. G. MacCurdy ; and " Observations on 

 Age Changes in the Scapula," by W. W. Graves. And in the Annals of 

 ArchcBology and Anthropology, vol. ix, Nos. i and 2 (March 1922) : " The 

 Influence of Egypt on Hebrew Literature," by A. B. Mace ; and " Problems 

 of Megalithic Architecture in the Western Mediterranean," by E. T. Leeds. 

 And in the Geographical Review, vol. xi (1921) : " The Evolution and Distri- 

 bution of Race, Culture, and Language," by Griffith Taylor. And in the 

 Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society, vol. xx (1921) : " The Prehistoric 

 Find at Piltdown," by Prof. Waterston. And in Man (December 1922) : 

 " Notes on the Chronology of the Ice Age," by M. C. Burkitt ; and " Man 

 and the Ice Age," by S. H. Warren. 



MEDICINE. By R. M. Wilson, M.B., Ch.B. 



The most important piece of work published during the past 

 year was certainly that of Banting at Toronto, in which he 

 succeeded in isolating the active principle of the pancreas and 

 so opening the way to a new and specific treatment of diabetes. 

 Banting's original idea seems to have been that earlier pan- 

 creatic extracts failed because the enzymes of the gland, its 

 external secretion, exercised a destructive effect on the internal 

 secretion now known as " Insulin." 



With this idea in his mind he set to work to secure a supply 

 of insulin which should be free of contamination with the 

 enzymes. The earliest method employed by him was to tie 

 the pancreatic duct of a dog and then allow the animal to live 

 for a period long enough to ensure the destruction of the 

 external secreting portion of the gland. 



