BRAIN-POWER AND HISTORY. 8i 



to enable more students in the secondary and technical schools to 

 complete their education. 



In all these ways, facilities would be afforded for providing the 

 highest instruction to a much greater number of students. At present 

 there are almost as many professors and instructor's in the universities 

 and colleges of the United States as there are day students in the uni- 

 versities and colleges of the United Kingdom. 



Men of science, our leaders of industry, and the chiefs of our 

 political parties all agree that our present want of higher education — 

 in other words, properly equipped universities — is heavily handicapping 

 us in the present race for commercial supremacy, because it provides a 

 relatively inferior brain-power which is leading to a relatively reduced 

 national income. 



The facts show that in this country we can not depend upon private 

 effort to put matters right. How about local effort ? 



Any one who studies the statistics of modern municipalities will 

 see that it is impossible for them to raise rates for the building and 

 up-keep of universities. 



The buildings of the most modern university in Germany have cost 

 a million. For up-keep the yearly sums found, chiefly by the state, for 

 German universities of different grades, taking the incomes of seven 

 out of the twenty-two universities as examples are : 



1st Class Berlin 130,000 



2nd Class I S°"" I 56,000 



( Gottingen j 



3rd Class ].,,_,.._ [ 48,000 



Strassburji' 



Heidelber 



Marburg 



, „, f Heidelberji , „_ _„„ 



4tli Class j ,, _, ^ !- 37,000 



Thus if Leeds, which is to have a university, is content with the 4th 

 class German standard, a rate must be levied of 7d. in the pound for 

 yearly expenses, independent of all buildings. But the facts are that 

 our towns are already at the breaking strain. During the last fifty 

 }ears, in spite of enormous increases in ratable values, the rates have 

 gone up from about 2s. to about 7s. in the pound for real local purposes. 

 But no university can be merely a local institution. 



What, then, is to be done? Fortunately, we have a precedent ad- 

 mirably in point, the consideration of which may help us to answer 

 this question. 



I have pointed out that in old days our Navy was chiefly provided 

 by local and private effort. Fortunately for us, those days have passed 

 away; but some twenty years ago, in spite of a large expenditure, it 

 began to be felt by those who knew that in consequence of the increase 



VOL. LXIV, 



