536 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, 



alytical methods exist, as is frequeiitly the case with new products, it 

 is the task of the analytical laboratory to devise such methods, and 

 the work demanded of our analysts is just as important and difficult 

 as the task of any other chemist in our employ. Our analytical chem- 

 ists must have the same scientific education as the others, and we con- 

 sider them in position and rank on a par with any other chemist. 



The manufacturing is of course in the hands of first-class chemists. 

 The factory is divided into different departments. At the head of each 

 department one of the most experienced chemists is placed as depart- 

 ment chief, and he manages his section as a factory in itself. Thus our 

 works are divided into the inorganic department, the departments for 

 intermediary organic products, for aniline colors, for alizarine colors 

 and the pharmaceutical department. 



Each of these departments consists of a number of separate divisions 

 which are again under the management of chemists, all of whom we 

 have trained ourselves. The chemists of the different divisions be- 

 longing to one department have a joint laboratory whence they con- 

 duct the various manufactures, their main object being economical 

 production and good yields. Each step of the reaction is continually 

 watched analytically, and thousands upon thousands of experiments 

 are constantly carried out to improve the processes and above all the 

 quality of the manufactured products. These chemists have also 

 charge of the machinery used in their departments, and a scientific 

 engineer acts in conjunction with them. 



Commercially educated employees control the consumption of 

 chemicals of all kinds in each department, and based on their figures, 

 and the figures of the consumption of water, gas, steam, ice, compressed 

 and rarified air, etc., used in the processes, exact calculations are 

 made for each product monthly. Furthermore, there are scientific 

 laboratories, one for inorganic chemistry, another for coal-tar colors of 

 the benzine and naphthaline series, a third for those of the alizarine 

 and anthraquinone groups, another for pharmaceutical and photo- 

 graphic products. In these laboratories all reactions which seem to 

 be of technical importance and which have been described in scientific 

 and technical journals are tested as to the value. All the patents, is- 

 sued in the various countries, are studied and their processes executed 

 on a small scale. The new products which appear in the market are 

 analyzed and investigated in order to determine their constitution and 

 their practical value and to ascertain whether they can be utilized in 

 the manufacture of any new products. It is further the duty of the 

 heads of these scientific laboratories to inform not only the chemists 

 who are working under them, but also the other works chemists, of 

 everything new in chemistry, scientific as well as technical, and regular 



