THE ItAP'IOliES OF THE PUNJAB. iMy 



sDrt, but sometimes minuto patches of whito may bo soon on tho body or 

 wiugs, being tho whito basis of foathors showing through. 



Ictinaetna malai/e/isis. — Flij;;ht dosoly resembles that of A. chrysaetus and 

 tho wings aro held well back. Tail also projects well beyond tho lino of 

 wings. No markings of an}- sort anil tho whole bird appears jet black 

 when tlying past. If near, a small patch of brilliant yellow may be seen in 

 tho lower portion of tho body due to his feet showing. 



Haliaetua leiicori/p/ius. — Very like .1. hpliaca on the wing, but greatly 

 given to flapping. Wings in lino with body and as a rule, even tho tips 

 of the primaries do not curve upwards. When soaring, shows much more 

 white about tho tail than does A. heliaca. Extremely noisy. Tail pro- 

 jects a little more than in A. heliaca, a broad terminal edge of black on 

 tail. 



Haliaetus alhicilla. — Very similar to the preceding species, except that 

 the whole tail appears to be pure white and the broad terminal band of 

 black which is seen in H.. lencon/plms is wanting. At a very close range 

 a very narrow edging of black on the tip of the tail may bo seen. 



Dark Brown Birds of Large Size. 



Vultur inonachus. — Size very large ; wings appear to be very broad, held 

 in a lino with the body and the tail projects only a little beyond the line 

 of the wings, usually spread out like a fan, when the bird is soaring. 

 Colour a very deep chocolate brown throughout. 



Gijpa'etus harbatus, immature piumaye. — Size very large. Wings long 

 and comparatively narrow, much more pointed than in the Vultures. Tail 

 long and wedge-shaped. Colouring very variable ; very dark trown, 

 almost black about the head and neck shading to a somewhat lighter shade 

 on the body and under portion of the wings. Frequently with ineirular 

 patches of white, buff or lighter shades of brown, showing on the body and 

 wings. Back and tail usually a dark greyish brown. 



Flight easy and graceful, wings held in a line with the body. 

 The young of — 

 A. heliaca may all be found in a very deep brown plumage, but 



A. bifasciata seldom of a uniform shade throughout. Lighter and 

 A. vindhiana darker feathers will be found irregularly dotted about 

 in various portions of the body and wings. A. heliaca and A. bifasciata axe 

 much bigger than A. vindhiana and A. bifasciata, even in immature 

 plumage, can be identified by two narrow parallel lines of buff or white 

 running along the whole length of the wings. 



, , ., , , . ^., . All the Buzzards may appear in a very dark 



ArchibiUeo hemtpttlopus p^^^^g^^ ^ut will almost always display a 



Buteofeio.i lighter patch in the centre of each wing, and 



Buteo leucovhelm regular markings of a lighter brown on the 



Buteodesertorum ^^.° ^^ and tail. Not much given to soaring, 



but when they do soar, the flight is easy, bold and graceful. The wings 



are held slightly back but do not curve upwards nearly so much as in 



A, chrysaetus. 



. All dark brown throughout, with sometimes irregular 



Milms yomida ^.a^kings of whitish buff or light brown. In M. mel- 



,. melanotis ^^^^^^-^ ^-^Qve is a big buff wing patch, which is also 



„ miyrans ^jgi^jQ ^q a lesser degree in M. yomida. All the 



kites can be identfied by their forked tails. Flight is easy and light but 



irre<Tular and frequently changing direction as though the bird is 



uncertain as to which line it should take. The wings are hold in the same 



plane as tho body and are frequently slightly bent as though the bird was 



meditating a stoop. 



