THE COMMOy BUTTElll-LlKS OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 4:W 



type of larva. The //ert'/ is 8hinin<;j black with a large, triangular clypous, 

 the labriim whitisli as also tlio antfinml baso. Spiracles small, nearly quite 

 round, hariUy prominent, very light in colour, whitish. Surface of larva, 

 dull, covered with many minute, very short, translucent-white, shining, 

 star-shaped hairs from tho centre (of the rays or branches) of each of 

 which rises a pointed, short (though much longer tlian the stem of the 

 stars) hair, this hair generally translucent-white like its base (the star), 

 but sometimes black and of varying IcMigth : on segments L\ 3, 4 the black 

 hairs in the subdorsal region are decreasingly numerous : on segment 4 

 there are about 10 on each side of the dorsal line, on segment 5 about 5, 

 on all succeeding segments only about 3 though the number is not absolu- 

 tely constant always; the hairs round the margin of the body, that is 

 the region bordering the ventrum and some up towards the spiracles, are 

 a good deal longer, translucent-white (except a few on segments 13-14 

 which arc brown) and segmented-looking and very minutely feathered — 

 making a sort of sparse, short fringe round the whole body which is, 

 perhaps, slightly longest at both extremities ; the segments are well- 

 marked enough by depressed lines except on the portion consisting of 

 segments 12-14, where they can only just be distinguished from each other, 

 ^/rtwr/ present on segment 11 near the hinder margin, transverse, mouth- 

 shaped ; organs on segment 12 difficult to distinguish when in repose, as 

 the circular openings are the same colour as the rest of the larva. I have 

 not seen them protruded at any time yet. The ventrum is greenish- 

 greyish. L : 10mm. ; B : 3mm. 



Fupa. — Is of the type of others of the genus ; rather narrow for the 

 length with the distance from front to segment 7 much longer than seg- 

 ment 7-14; the front end squarely blunt across vertex of head — or front 

 margin of segment 2, which is the same thing ; the hinder end rounded 

 evenly as the anal segment is turned under as usual ; the broadest part is 

 segment 7 and also the highest ; the front margin of the pupa 's rather 

 broader than the absolute hinder margin, although, because the front half 

 is much longer than the hinder half (segment 7-14), it looks otherwise at 

 first sight. Head has the frons very high and perpendicular to the longi- 

 tudinal axis, the vertex occupying a verj' small portion just visible in the 

 widely curved though short emargination of segment 2 ; segment 2 at 

 about an angle of 4o° to the same axis (its dorsal line, that is, is at that 

 angle), convex transversely though somewhat flattened dorsally with the 

 dorsal line slightly carinated, very feebly convex longitudinally, its front 

 margin narrowly, widely emarginate as already mentioned, its hinder 

 margin also emarginate, the emargination short and obtusely angled on 

 dorsal line ; the thorax considerably humped, evenly convex, its apex 

 about the middle of the segment, the front slope a little less than 60° to 

 longitudinal axis, the hinder slope less to segment 4 wdience the dorsal 

 line of abdomen gradually rises again to the highest point at segment 7 ; 

 the hinder margin of thorax considerably produced backwards in dorsal 

 line where it forms an angle of about 90° (the two halves, that is, meet in 

 a minutely rounded angle of 90°) ; this hinder margin meets the wings in a 

 deep, rather largely rounded angle of about 4o° — so that the lateral 

 portions of segment 4 are largely exposed, the dorsal line of that segment 

 being very short and only about half the length of that of segment 5 which 

 is itself short ; dorsal lino of thorax smooth and shining, that of segment 

 4 ever so slightly carinate. Spiracles of segment 2 rather large, oval, 

 slightly raised, rather narrow, opaque whitish ; the rest of the same colour, 

 small and round. Surface oi pupa very slightly shining, transversely hardly 

 perceptibly aciculate, the aciculations plainest on thorax ; the segment- 

 margins finely smooth-shining ; the surface covered with simple white. 



