THE COMAJON B UTTERFLIE^ OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA . 637 



beneath : palpi, thorax ami abdomen white. Female. Upper and Undersides: 

 Jiround-colour and markiiiiis as in the male, but the latter ]arfi;er and more 

 clearly dotined ; on the hind wing the yellow crowning the black spot.s on 

 the tornal area on the upper sid.- and surrounding the same on the under- 

 side, wider and more prominent. Antenn;e, head, thorax and abdomen 

 as in the male. Expanse : Male and female, 171*0 mm. 



Larva. — Shape, tliat of the normal /Azera, Nacaduha, &.c. The ventrum 

 is flat, the dorsum rounded, the sides sloping, the segments somewhat 

 constricted, especially on the dorsum ; segnmnt 2 semi-circvdar in out-line 

 thickened round the free margin , the dorsum with the usual diamond-shaped 

 ilepression at eacb lateral corner of which is a single, erect, short hair ; the 

 rest of the segment covered with small, porrect, darkish hairs along the free 

 margin and minute, sessile, star-topped hairs on the rest, the bottom of 

 the depression benig smooth and occupying nearly half the width and 

 length of the segment ; anal segment parabolic in out-line, dorsally 

 more or less Hat, sloping to hinder margin ; segments 11, 12, 13 are also 

 rather flattened dorsally and slope siiiularly to the anal one ; the larva is 

 broadest at segment o, thence gently narrowing to anal end The head is 

 large and generally kept hidden under segment 2 ; round, smooth, 

 shining, black or very dark brown ; labrum and autennie white ; 

 clypous triangular. The surface of the body is covered more or less 

 thickly with minute, white, sessile, star-topped hairs and there is a 

 subdorsal line of erect or, sometimes, slightly curved, simple, longer 

 hairs as well as a similar line along the dorsoventral margin : all more 

 or less white ; the circular organ-holes on segment 12 are present, large 

 and orange in colour ; the transverse, mouth-shaped gland on segment 11 

 is also very evident. The spiracles are small, nearly round, white and flush 

 with the general surface. The colour of the body is green, rendered hoary 

 by the presence of the white-topped hairs ; with a subdorsal, white line, the 

 dorsum above it (^or them, as there are of course tw^o) dark-green and a sub- 

 spiracular, white line all along the dorsoventral margin ; in between the 

 aubspiracular and subdorsal lines there are two, indistinct, parallel, white, 

 diagonal lines running from anteriorly above backwards towards the hinder 

 juargin of each segment o to 10 ; ventrum green with the sides also set 

 with star-topped, white hairs. L : 9 mm.; B. 2'75 mm. 



Pupa. — The pupa is of the usual type belonging to the larva : it is neither 

 very stout nor yet very narrow; it is constricted dorsally behind the thorax 

 though not laterally ; it is broadest at segments 7, 8 ; it has the anal end 

 rounded and segments 13. 14 turned under; the sides from the somewhat 

 prominent shoulders backwards to segment (i are nearly parallel ; the 

 thorax is distinctly humped and inclined to be keeled in the dorsal line 

 with the hinder margin a somewhat narrow curv^e making an angle with the 

 wings which is rounded and open ; segment 2 is a nearly perfect oblong in 

 shape seen from above, the head just showing in front of it as a short con- 

 vexity, thus making the front of the pupa rounded ; the frons is in a plane 

 at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the pupa and is high. The 

 surface is shining and smooth except for a lot of minute tubercles, each 

 >)earing a single, short, erect, white hair: there are also some hairs on the 

 margin of the mouth in front ; there are none on the wings. The spiracles 

 of segment 2 are light brown, linear ovals ; the rest are small, nearly round, 

 very slightly prominent and yellowish in colour. The colour of the pupa 

 is plain grass-green. L : 11* mm. ; B: 2* 2o mm. 



Habits. — The eggs are deposited singly in the axil of a leaf or on 

 the underside of one, or on a Hower or fruit. The larva lives any- 

 where on the plant when it is full-grown and is intermittently at- 



