86 SUMMARY OF CUEKENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



considerable influence on tuberization. The artificial conditions of culti- 

 vated potatoes have produced effects which are badly understood, but the 

 author considered that, were they planted in soil containing the myco- 

 rhiza of Solanum, important results explaining the formation of tubers 

 might be obtained. 



Significance of Mycorhiza.* — E. Wibiral, in writing on this question, 

 states that to grow orchids successfully from seed, soil must be used in 

 which orchids have already been grown. That is to say, the mycorhiza 

 fungus must be already in the soil. The same connexion between fungus 

 •and seed-germination probably exists among gentians, the roots of which 

 are full of endotropic mycorhiza. Wibiral recommends mixing old roots 

 in the soil where seeds are to be sown. He suggests that a similar treat- 

 ment of the soil might be advantageous in cultivating potatoes. 



Study of Mycorhiza.f — L. Mangin publishes histological researches 

 on the structure of the Mycorhizse of forest trees. He distinguishes 

 three types of fungal formation : — 1. A felted mycelium mantle, the 

 liyphEe with or without clamp connexions— on oak and beech. 2. The 

 outer mantle hairy or thorny — on conifers and chestnuts. 3. The outer 

 mantle smooth — on birch, beech, and chestnuts. The felted mantle 

 represents the simplest type, the hyph^e of which grow out into the 

 surrounding substratum. In more complex forms the hypha3 end shortly 

 and abruptly. The greatest variation occurs in those cases where the 

 hyphae become more or less simple cylindrical hairs, or are bent and thorn- 

 like. Mangin considers that the fungus has lost the power of normal 

 development. He considers that the hair-like hyphte are sterile, while 

 the felted mycelium is still capable of reproduction. 



Bainiee, G, & A. Sartory — Etude biologique et morphologique de certains 

 Aspergillus. (Biological aud morphological study of Aspergillus.) 



[Two new species, 4. disju7ictiis smi A. sjzmctus were cultivated, and are 

 fully described.] 



Bull. Soc. Mycol. France, xxvii. (1911) pp. 346-68 (2 pis.) 



Bataille, Frederic — Champignons rares ou nouveaux de la Franche-Comte. 



[A large number of species fully described.] 



Bull. Soc. Mycol. France, xxvii. (1911) pp. 369-86. 



Bbesadola, J. — Fungi Borneenses. (Fungi from Borneo.) 



[A list of species, with notes ; there are several new species.] 



Ann. Mycol., ix. (1911) pp. 5i9-53 



Bleak, Fr — Ein neuer Pilz mit sympodialer Konidienbildung. (A new fungus, 

 with sympodial conidial formation.) 



[A new genus, Acarosporum, was established (Excipulaceae) for the new type 

 of sporophore.J Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gcsell., xxix. (1911) pp. 381-5. 



♦ Mitteil. k.k. Gartenb. Steiermark, xxxvi. (1910) pp. 85-9. See also Centralbl. 

 Bakt., xxxi. (1911) pp. 305-6. 



t Nuov. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat , s6r. 5, ii. (1910) pp. 245-76 (13 figs.). See also 

 Zeitschr. Bot., iii. (1911) pp. 773-5. 



