48 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



has a resemblance of convergence to other types living on the bottom, 

 viz. Pspudocyclopia (Isokerandria), Pseudocydops and Faramisophna 

 (Heterarthraudia). It is referable to the section Amphascandria, but 

 requires a new family. A short compact body and short anterior an- 

 tennae may be regarded as adaptive to the conditions of life, and they 

 occur in the genera above-mentioned, wbich represent all the three 

 sections of the Copepoda Gymnoplea. 



Annulata. 



Tomopteris apsteini Rosa.*— A. Malaquin and F. Carin describe a 

 female specimen of this species from Banyuls, which differs notably from 

 the typical appearance in having the body divided into two very distinct 

 regions— a broad trunk and a slender tail. Tiie tail-region is marked 

 off by a brusque change in the structure of the parapodia. They are to 

 begin with longer than the last parapodia of the trunk, but they become 

 gradually reduced to a minimum. 



Middle Cambrian Annelids. t—C. D. Walcott notes that as a rule 

 the fossil Annelids have been known only by trails and borings in the 

 mud and sand deposited in the various periods between pre-Cambrian 

 Algonkian and the present, and only under very exceptional circum- 

 stances have any traces of the actual animals been preserved. The 

 most noted discoveries are those in the Upper Jurassic Soleuhof en litho- 

 graphic shales of Bavaria aud the Eocene shales of Monte Bolca. 

 Another discovery that has long escaped the attention of authors was 

 that of E. 0. Ulrich in 1879, who described what appear to be Polychaets 

 from the Ordovician shale at Cincinnati, Ohio. 



Walcott has found numerous Annelids represented by thin films 

 in fine shales of Cambrian and pre-Cambrian strata. He describes 

 Amishwia sagittiformis g. et sp. n., a representative of the Chsetognatha ; 

 six new genera of Polycha3ts {MisTcoia, Aysheara, Canadia, WorthmeUa, 

 Fallingeria, Selkirkia, Wiwaxia) ; and four new genera of Gephyrea 

 (Oftoia, Banffia, Pikaia, and Oesia). 



Fossil Annelids. |—F. A. Bather describes the tubes formed of fish 

 debris, found throughout the chalk of England, and retains them in the 

 position to which Davies referred them in 1879 as species of " Terlhella,'" 

 this generic name being used "without prejudice." Similar tubes from 

 the Cenomanian, built of Conifer debris and Echinoderm debris, are 

 described. Tubes without extraneous building material and with a 

 cancellar ornament are also found in the Cretaceous rocks of England, 

 and some were referred to Terehella lewesiensis by Davies. All those 

 from the chalk are separated by Bather as " TereMla " cancellata sp. n. 

 Two tubes made of mud bricks are discussed. One, apparently of Lower 

 Cenomanian age, is referred to the rather doubtful genus Keckia ; the 

 other from the Gault, is referred to Granular ia ; both genera are held 

 to be Annelids. 



* Arch. Zool. Eip6r., viii. (1911) Notes et Revue, pp. xcviii-cii (4 figs.), 

 t Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Ivii. (1911) No. 5, pp. 109-44 (6 pis.). 

 X Geol. Mag., viii. (1911) pp. 549-56 (1 pl.). 



