ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MIGKOSCOPY, KTU. 211 



more nearly those of P. infestans . He found also that the potato fungus 

 could he crossed with P. cactorum. Chnton thinks that the rarity of 

 oospores in P. infestans is due to that fungus having largely lost the 

 power of sexual reproduction. 



Mildew of G-ooseberry and Oak.* — Karl Miiller has given an 

 account of the spread of American gooseberry mildew in Baden. It 

 appeared in 11)08, and already the following year had spread to three 

 localities : since then it has been notified in many different places. 

 Something has been done by destroying infected bushes to stop the 

 disease. It has been proved that many of the outbreaks are due to the 

 dispersal of infected nursery stock. Summer spore infection is very 

 restricted in space. 



The oak mildew has spread with enormous rapidity over a very wide 

 area, the scrub oak being specially liable to attack. The young shoots 

 of older trees have also suffered, and in a few cases scrub beech, the 

 young shoots, and both surfaces of the leaves have been covered with 

 the fungus. 



Nectria and Fusarium.f — Raspberry bushes that had failed to fruit 

 properly were examined by A. Osterwalder, who found on their roots a 

 violet-coloured Fusariuni species. Cultures were made, not only of the 

 spores but also of the mycelium from the tissues of the roots, and the 

 Fusarinm was reproduced in abundance. Infected roots were also kept 

 in a damp chamber, and on them were developed a Nectria form. 

 Cultures of the ascospores resulted in the growth of the Fusarium, 

 leaving no doubt as to the connexion between the two fungi. They 

 were both new to science, and were called Nectria Rubi and Fusarium 

 Rubi. The Pyrenomycete is at first yellowish-green, becoming later 

 somewhat red. The spores measure 15-18 /x long and 4-5 /x thick. 



BotryosphBeria on Cotton-bolls.J — A species of Botryosphseria oc- 

 casionally found on cotton-bolls in the Southern States has been referred 

 to Botryosphseria fuliginosa, but C. W. Edgerton sees cause to consider it 

 another species. From cultures he lias produced a Macrophoma stage, 

 which is quite distinct from the pycnidial stage usually associated with 

 Botryosphseria fuliginosa. 



Cyttaria Darwinii.§ — M. Mobius gives figures and descriptions of 

 this species of Ascomycete from Tierra del Fuego. The few species of 

 the genus are found in the southern moderate zone, Patagonia, New 

 Zealand, etc. The species here described grows on beech. The my- 

 celium penetrates the tissues of the tree, causing a swelling or gall on 

 the ontside, within which are developed the fruits of the fungus. 



Development and Phylogeny of Yeasts. || — A. Guilliermond con- 

 cludes from his study of the subject that the starting-point is Eremascus 



* Zeitschr. Pflanzenkr., xxi. (1911) pp. 449-54. 

 t Ber. Beutsch. Bot. GeselL, xxix. (1911) pp. 606-22 (1 pL). 

 t Mycologia, iv. (1912) pp. 34-6. 



§ Ber. Senckenberg. Nat. Ges., Frankfurt-am-Main,xlii. (1911) pp. 7-12 (6 figs.). 

 I Rev. G6u. Sci. pures et appliqu^es, xxii. (1911) pp. 608-18 (1 pi.). See also 

 Bot. Centralbl., cxix. (1911) p. 46. 



