224 SUMMA.KY OF CUKRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



plants. He finds that in some of the parasites the fungus attaches itself 

 to the green alga without always killing it, and can also live saprophy- 

 tically on lichen or other substrata. He describes a species of Karschia 

 destructans that attacks the lichen Chsenotheca chrysocephala, penetrates 

 deeply into the thallus and down into the substratum, the wood below, 

 pushing aside and destroying the tissues of the lichen ; and yet occa- 

 sionally the hyphge surround the algal cells, so that the fungus may be 

 looked on as a parasymbiont as well as a parasite. Tobler does not agree 

 with Elenkin's theory of endosaprophytism. 



In a second division of the paper he discusses the question of lichen 

 soredia, and gives an account of culture experiments with the soredia of 

 Clado/iia sp. On earth suitably moistened the soredia developed into 

 squamules after a delay of 6 to 9 mouths. Cladonki soredia were still 

 capable of growth after being kept dry in a room for five months. 



Classification of TJsneacese.* — R. Heber Howe in this paper sets 

 out the factors that he considers should rank as of most importance 

 in the classification of lichens. He finds that the thallus is of very 

 great importance, and he makes a survey more especially of the group 

 RadiatEe, in which all the elements of the thallus have a radial structure. 

 In the UsneaceaB he distinguishes tribes and genera according to the com- 

 plexity of that structure. 



Crozals, a. de — Excursions lichenologiques dans le massif du Mont Blanc. 



(Lichenological Excursions on Mont Blanc.) 

 [Several new species were found.] 



Rev. Sav. (1910) 16 pp. See also Bot. Centralbl, cxvii. (1911) p. 635. 



Habmand — Lichens reoueillis dans la Nouvelle-Caledonie on en Australie. 



(Lichens collected in New Caledonia or in Australia.) 



Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy (1911 ?) 20 pp. (1 pi.). 

 See also Bot. Centralbl., cxix. (1912) pp. 23^. 



Jatta, a. — Lichens lecti in Tasmania, A. W. "Wemouth. (Lichen collected in 

 Tasmania by A. W". Wemouth.) 



[Sixty-three species are listed. A number of them new species ] 



Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital, 1911, pp. 253-60. 



Lesdain, Bouly de — Lichens du Sud-algerien recueillis par M. Seurat. 

 (Lichens of South Algiers.) 



[A list of thirty-three species, belonging to twenty-two genera.] 



Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrigue du No7-d. III. (1911) 4 pp. 

 See also Bot. Centralbl., cxvii. (1911) p. 634. 



Rhodes, P. G. M. — Lichens of Cambridgeshire. 



[A list of species, with the original collector or the localitv.] 



Proc. Cambr. Phil. Soc, xvi."(191l) pp. 280-4). 



Savicz, V. P. — Flechten im Amur- und Amun-gebiete von W. A. Rubinski, 1910 

 gesammelt. (Lichens from the Amur and Araun districts 

 collected by Rubinski.) (Russian, with German r6sum6.) 



Bull. Jard. Bot. St. Petersbourg, xi. (1911) pp. 74-81. 

 See also Bot. Centralbl., xix. (1912) p. 25. 

 „ Flechten im Anadyr-Gebiete (Sibirien), 1900-7, von V. Sokolnikon 



gesammelt. (Lichens of Anadyr district, Siberia.) 



Bull. Jard. Bot. St. Petersbourg, xi. (1911) pp. 82-90. 



Paris : Mersch (1912) 32 pp. (10 pis.). 



