The Presidenfs Address. By H. G. Plimmer. 



141 



type of Trypanosoma avium. These bird trypanosomes are quite 

 different to the mammalian variety ; they are very large and thick, 

 they stain densely and indistinctly, and they move very slowly. 

 The spleens of the infected birds were large, and their blood 

 anaemic. The trypanosomes found in reptiles were all of the 

 type of Trypanosoma rotatorium, which was the one described by 

 Gruby in 18-13. It has not been described before in the Tree Frog 

 {Hyla venulosa). 



Teypanosomes found in the Blood of Mammals. 



Habitat Character 



Fat Mouse — Steatomys pratensis . . . . S. Africa Of Nagana type 



49 Bats — Epimys norvegicus England T. Lewisi 



Trypanosomes found in the Blood op Bieds. 



Red-winged Francolin — Francolinus gari- 



epensis N. Africa T. avium type 



Chukar Partridge — Cacabis chukar . . . . India do. 



Marsh Bird — Leistes guianensis Demerara do. 



Waxhill — Estrelda melpoda Australia do. 



Levaillant's Francolin — Francolinus le- 



vaillanti Cape Colony do. 



Dial Bird — Copsynchus saularis . . . . India do. 



Bower Bird — Amblyornis subularis . . . . New Guinea do. 



Trypanosomes found in the Blood of Beptiles. 



Edible Frog — Bana esculenta Europe T. rotatorium type 



Tree Frog— Hyla arborea do. do. 



Tree Frog — Hyla venulosa S. America do, 



I must now direct your attention to some flagellated organisms 

 which may appear in the blood and live there, not as actual 

 parasites, but accidentally. In reptiles there are certain kinds of 

 inflammation of the intestine, accompanied by ulceration, which 

 cause the walls of the intestine to become permeable, so that some 

 of the flagellated organisms which are often found there are able 

 to get into the blood and live there. The alteration of structure 

 of the intestine during the inanition of hibernation is also favour- 

 able to the passage of organisms through the intestinal wall. I 

 have found these flagellates in the blood of eight species of reptiles, 

 and they have been either varieties of Hexamitus, found first by 

 Dujardin in 1841 in the frog's intestine, or of Trichomonas, the 

 former in the frog and tortoises, the latter in the snake. 



The only other mention of these organisms in the blood is by 

 Danilewsky, in 1889, who found the Hexamitus in the blood of 

 Emys lutaria and Rana esculenta, so that those given in the fol- 

 lowing list are all new hosts for this kind of infection. In the 

 Hexamitus infections there was general oedema of the tissues and 

 ascites, and the organisms were found also in the transudation ; 

 no such effects were observed in the Trichomonas infections. 



