ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 311 



Structure of Spiroptera strongylina Rud.* — Joan Ciurea describes 

 the distinctive features of this small Nematode which occurs in the pig's 

 stomach. The posterior end of the male and the reproductive organs of 

 the female receive special attention. There is a cylindrical vestibule 

 behind the mouth with a characteristic spirally coiled supporting 

 apparatus, due to a ridge-like thickening of the intima. 



Life-history of Spiroptera of Dog.f— L. Gr. Seurat found minute 

 larvfe of a. species of Spiroptera in gall-like excrescences on the tracheas 

 of beetles on the high plateaux of Algeria. One sacred beetle contained 

 4948 larvs. He has been able to show that the adult is Spiroptera 

 sanguimUnta Rud. of the dog. The larva undergoes four moults, two 

 of which are in the dog. The Arab dogs, which are always starving, 

 are perhaps infected from coprophagous beetles, luit especially from 

 fowls, hedgehogs, and lizards. 



Platyhelminthes. 



Trematode of Frog's Lung.| — H. H. Wundsch gives a detailed 

 account of Pneumonceces asjier Looss, a minute Trematode from the frog's 

 lung. He deals with some histological questions, such as the nature of 

 the skin, in regard to which he agrees with Hein. 



New Trematode.§ — Franklin D. Barker and Joseph W. Laughlin 

 describe a new Monostome, Notocotijle quinqueseriale sp. n., from the 

 intestine of the musk-rat. One striking character which distinguishes 

 it from the other species is the presence of five longitudinal rows of 

 papillfe on the ventral surface. It is not unlikely that some snail is the 

 intermediate host. 



Echinoderma, 



Hybrid Larvae of Echinocardium and Echinus.||— E. W. MacBride 

 has succeeded in fertilizing the eggs of Echinocardium cordatum with the 

 sperm of Echinus esculent iis, and in rearing some of the larvas for eight 

 or nine days. They show some paternal and some maternal charac- 

 teristics. Of the paternal characteristics may be noted the absence of 

 the aboral spike, the inbending of the body-rods at the aboral pole, and 

 the imperfect development or non-development of the lattice-work of the 

 skeleton supporting the post -oral arms. The maternal features which 

 the hybrids exhibit are mainly " size " and " colour." The very im- 

 portant general result is that the germ-cells of these two very distinct 

 genera can commingle so as to produce a hybrid larva, in which both 

 paternal and maternal characters are represented. 



-Middle Piece of Echinoid Spermatozoon.lT — Fr. Meves has studied 

 the process of fertilization in Parechinus miliaris, and finds that the 

 " middle piece " of the spermatozoon separates off from the head and 



* Centralbl. Bakt. Parasitenk., Ixi. (1911) pp. 128-33 (1 pi. and 1 fig.), 

 t Comptes Rendus, cliv. (1912) pp. 82-4. 

 J Arch. Naturges, Ixxvii. (1911) pp. 28-79 (4 pis.). 

 § Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc, xxx. (1911) pp. 261-74 (1 pi.). 

 II Proc. Roy. Soc, Series B, Ixxxiv. (1911) pp. 894-403 (4 figs.). 

 ^ Anat. Anzeig., xl. (1912) pp. 401-5. 



