340 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



original host bore the gametophyte generation. The association of two 

 nuclei at this stage of growth — considered to be a sexual act — gave the 

 parasite the necessary vigour to transfer itself to other hosts. So it is 

 found that while the fecidial form is confined to one host, the further 

 stages grow on a variety of plants. 



J. J. Taubenhaus * has made a cultural study of Puccinia malva- 

 cearum, and made observations on the development of the promy- 

 celium and of the teleutospores, the latter being subject to great varia- 

 tion in the size, form, and number of cells. The rust winters over as 

 living mycelium or as hibernating teleutospores. 



Ed. Fischer t has proved by inoculation experiments that two biological 

 species are included under tfromyces caryophylUnus, one on Scqwnaria 

 ocymoides, the other on Tunica 'prolifera ; the ajcidium of both forms 

 grows on Euphorbia Gerardiana. 



J. C. Arthur | records an account of cultural experiments with Ure- 

 dineae in 1911. He records fifteen successful cultures of species that 

 had been previously made and sis entirely new — two otPuccinia?a\diiox\r 

 of Oymnosporangium, collected from various species of Juniperus. 



Lichens. 

 (By A. LoBRAiN Smith.) 



Monograph of Usneaceae.§— R. Heber Howe has published a detailed 

 account of the genera and species of this family. He gives a general 

 account of the classification adopted in the work, based on the thalline 

 structure. Genera and species are described in detail. 



Podetia of Cladonia.|| — Several authors have regarded the podetium 

 of Gladoniee as homologous with the stalk of an apothecium. 0. Gall0e 

 has recently again studied • the subject. He states that pseudopodetia 

 rise from the granular crust, and that secondary podetia are formed at 

 the tips of these, which bear the apothecia. These secondary genuine 

 podetia were termed hymenia by Wainio. 



Mycetozoa. 



(By A. LoEEAiN Smith.) 



Mycetozoa of Clare Island. 1[ — Gulielma Lister has published a 

 report on the mycetozoa found by her and other workers in West Ireland 

 in connection with the Clare Island Survey. She has given an account 

 of the life-history of these minute organisms, and instructions how to 

 collect and preserve them. An account is given of previous records, and 

 Sl list of the species collected. 



* Phytopathology, i. (1911) pp. 33-G2 (3 pis.), 

 t Mycol. Centralbl., i. (1912) pp. 1-2. 

 1 Mycologia, iv. (1912) pp. iS-es. 

 § Paris : J. Mersch (1912) 31 pp. (10 pis.), 



1] Biol. Arb. Eug. Warming, Copenhagen, Nov. 1911, See also Bot. Centralbl, 

 •cxix. (1912) pp. 351-2. 



% Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., xxxi. (1912) pt. 63, 20 pp. 



