ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 413 



the leaf and stem, while the Tulipege have no similar spaces. The Scillese 

 usually have more stomata than the Tulipege. The cell-contents of the 

 former are very mucilaginous, while those of the latter are much less so. 

 These and other characters give good reason for the present classification 

 of the LilioideEe. 



CRYPTOGAMS. 

 Pteridophyta. 



(By A. Gepp, M.A. P.L.S.) 



Classification of Dryopteris.* — C. Christensen publishes a natural 

 classification of the species of Dryopteris, founded on the trichomes, 

 scales, hairs and glands, which form very constant characters not for the 

 single species only, but also for groups of species. These microscopic 

 characters have been too much neglected. He sets up the ten following 

 sub-genera : — 1. Eudryopteris (type, Dryoirieris filix-mas) ; distribution, 

 East Asia, etc. 2. Stigmatopteris, distinguished from foregoing by 

 exindusiate sori ; Central and South America. 3. Ctenitis, with reddish 

 articulated hairs, etc. ; mostly tropical ; Philippines. 4. Lastrea (in- 

 cluding Dryopteris opposita, D. oreopteris, D. thelypteris, D. pteroidea, 

 D. immersa) ; America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Polynesia. 5. Glaphy- 

 ropteris (type, Dryopteris decussata) ; America. 6. Steiropteris (type, 

 Dryopteris Wrightii) \ tropical America. 7. Cyclosorus ; partly American 

 {Dryopteris patens\ partly tropical (i>. mollis), partly Asiatic and Poly- 

 nesian. Among the Asiatic species are several previously referred to 

 Meniscium. 8. Leptogramma, differing from the preceding by having 

 exindusiate sori and setose sporangia. 9. Goniopteris, American, dis- 

 tinguished by its venation, branched hairs, lack of glands, gemmiferous 

 rachis ; contains two groups, Asterochlanea and Eugoniopteris. 10. 

 Meniscium, American, distinguished by venation and confluent sori. 



Structure of Peranema and Diacalpe.j — R. C. Davie gives an account 

 of the structure and afiinities of Peranema and Diacalpe. Peranema 

 cyathioides D. Don has an advanced dictyostele without perforations ; 

 its leaf-trace is inserted on the lower half of the leaf -gap ; venation extra- 

 marginal save in the ultimate pinna ; the sorus is short-stalked and 

 mixed ; receptacle gradate ; annulus slightly oblique ; spores aspidioid. 

 Diacalpe aspidioides Bl. is similar in its vascular anatomy ; sorus mixed, 

 but without basipetal sequence ; annulus vertical with a slight twist ; 

 spores markedly aspidioid ; prothallns Cyatheaceous. Both tliese ferns 

 are related to Nephrodium in vascular anatomy, foliar glands, sporangia! 

 stalks, spore-markings. They are most nearly related to Woodsia and 

 Eypoderris, falling into the group Woodsiete situated between Cyatheae 

 and Aspidieae. Probably the Aspidiese sprang from a gradate ancestry, 

 Peranema and Diacalpe representing relatively early members of the 

 development. 



Lophosoria and Phylogeny of Filicales.J — F. 0. Bower gives an 

 account of the anatomy of Lophosoria, with a view to demonstrating its 



* Biol. Arb. tilegnede. Eug. Warming, Kobenhavn (1911) pp. 73-85. 

 t Aim. of Bot. sxvi. (1912) pp. 215-269 (2 pis.). 

 : Ann. of Bot., xxvi. (1912) pp. 2G9-323 (7 pis.). 



