528 SUMMARY OF CUERENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



logous with the kinetonucleus of binucleate Flagellates. It has lost its 

 optic character but retained its connexion witli the flagellum. He calls 

 attention to other Euglenid features, e.g. haplomitosis, in the Binucleata. 



New Herpetomonas in Hymenopterous Larva.* — A. Ch. Hollande 

 describes Herpetomonas emphyti sp. n. from the blood of the larva of 

 Emphytus cinctus Klug. The only similar case is Herpetomonas vespse 

 reported by Miss Porter in the intestine of Vespa crahro. 



Crithidia of Louse-fly .f — E. Chatton and P. Delanoe have studied 

 the changes that Crithidia melophagi Flu. exhibits in the intestine of 

 Melophagus ovinus, and they discuss the infection of the young insects. 

 They regard the hypothesis of " hereditary infection " as very doubtful, 

 and that of infection by ingestion as certain. 



Parasite of Pebrine.^ — J. Olimori has made a study of the structure 

 and life-history of Nosema bomhycis Nageli, which causes the silkworm 

 disease of pebrine. We can only refer to one of his conclusions, that 

 the spores from the sporoblast stage take over a single nucleus, that in 

 the ripe spore this nucleus becomes two nuclei, and that the mono-nuclear 

 sporoblasts arise directly from the further development of the mono- 

 nuclear terminal stage of the schizogony. 



Gregarines of Acorn-shells. § — Gr. Tregouboff has studied Cephaloi- 

 dopliora communis Mavrodiadi, a dicystid Gregarine found in Balanus, 

 and- Fyxinio ides balani g. ets^. n., in the same host. The new genus 

 seems to be allied to UradiopJiora Mercier. Another species, Pyxinioides 

 cthamali from Cthamaliis stellatus, was described under the names of 

 Frenzelina and Cephaloidophora by Leger and Duboscq. 



Structure of Nosema Spore. |1 — H. B. Fantham and Annie Porter 

 describe the complicated structure of the Microsporidian spore as seen in 

 Nosema apis, the pathogenic agent of " Isle of Wight " disease in bees. 

 The mature spore is, on the average, 5 fjc hj 2 fx in size. Despite its 

 minuteness, it contains cytoplasm, a coiled thread that may reach 60 /a in 

 length, and, according to its age and period of development, from one 

 to five nuclei. It is enclosed in a highly resistant and ultimately opaque 

 firm membrane, the sporocyst. There is a vacuole at each pole. The 

 spore is produced from a uninucleate monosporous mother-cell — the 

 pansporoblast or sporont. The authors discuss the homologies between 

 Microsporidian and Myxosporidian spores, and show that Coccomyxa and 

 Telomyxa provide two bridges between the Myxosporidia as exemplified 

 by Myxobolus and the Microsporidia as represented by Nosema. 



Systematic Position of Spirochsets.lF — Clifford Dobell sums up the 

 characters which he has been able to establish in the Spirochsts which 



* C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, Ixxii. (1912) pp. 940-2 (1 fig.). 



t C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, Ixxii. ^1912) pp. 942-4. 



X Arbeit, k. Gesundh., xl. (1912) pp. 108-22 (1 pi.). 



§ Arch. Zool. Exp6r., x. (1912) Notes et Revue, No. 3, pp. liii-lxi (3 figs.). 



II Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc, xvi. (1912) pp. 580-3. 



^ Proc. Roy. Soc, Series B, Ixxxv. pp. 186-91. 



