610 SUMMARY OF CUKRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



feed not on the wood of the trees iu which they l)ore, but on the spores 

 of ti fungus, Eiuloniijces hijJecoeti Xeger, found in the tunnels. 



Thorax of Cricket.* — F. Voss continues his elaborate analysis of the 

 mechanism of the insect's body, with especial reference to flight. He 

 gives an account of the post-embryonic development of the thorax of 

 Gryl/us camiiesfris, with special reference to the musculature. 



Thorax of Cricket.f— Fr. Voss completes his elaborate study of the 

 structure and development of the thorax and its nuisculature in Gryllus 

 domcstkus. The homologies of the segments can be inferred only from 

 the musculature. The relations of the chitinous skeleton are not of 

 morphological value. The wings are exclusively tergal folds, and their 

 joint is an intratergal joint. An homology between wings and tracheal 

 gills is uidikely, but the possibility is not excluded. The cervical 

 region known as the microthorax is the head-segment of the second 

 maxilla?. The kinematic significance of the segmentation of the chitinous 

 skeleton is a prominent fact. These are a few of the sixty or so general 

 conclusions to which the author has been led. 



Gynandromorphism in Earwig-.^ — L. Chopard reports a case of 

 gynandromorphism in Forjinda aurkiilaria. The last abdominal seg- 

 ment, taken as a whole, exhibited what might be called a superposition 

 of male and female features. The right branch of the pincers was like 

 that of a poorly developed male with denticles only at the base and 

 slightly marked. The left liranch was more like that of the femah; 

 type, but not normal ; it was more delicate, more incurved, and not 

 denticulate at the base of the internal surface. As regards reproductive 

 organs, the insect was a normal male. 



Classification of Thysanoptera.§ — Richard S. Baguall has some 

 important suggestions to make in regard to the classification of this 

 order. For the family Urothripidje, with eleven pairs of stigmata, the 

 hind pair of coxa) most widely separated, and palpi single-jointed, he 

 proposes the sub-order Polystigmata. The other Thysanoptera have not 

 more than four pairs of stigmata, the intermediate pair of coxae most 

 widely separated, and the palpi never less than two-jointed. The 

 sub-order Tubulifera (Haliday), in which the female has no ovipositor 

 and the last abdominal segment is tubular in both sexes, contains the 

 families Phla'othripidjB (Haliday) and Idolothripidaj (Bagnall). The 

 other sul)-order Terebrantia (Haliday), in which the female has a 

 saw-like ovipositor, and the last abdominal segment is usually conical, 

 that of the male unlike that of the female and usually bluntly rounded^ 

 contains the families ^Eolothrijndtc (Haliday) and Thripidte (Haliday). 



* Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., c. (1912) pp. 445-578 (16 figs.). 



+ Zeitschr. wiss. Zool., c. (1912) pp. 579-682 (5 pis.). 



X Arch. Zool. Expur., x. (1912) Notes et Revue, No. 5, pp. xcvii-c (2 figs.). 



§ Ann. Nat. Hist., x. (1912) pp. 220-2. 



