ZOOLOGY AXi) liOTANV, MICROSCOPY, KTC. 665 



quantity of serum and bouillon, after which the procedure is apparently 

 as in the former example. 



The author's paper is illustrated by thirty-six coloured figures 

 showing the cytoplasm and nucleus in anthrax, Friedlaender, typhoid, 

 cholera, diphtheria, pseudodiphtheria, and in Pneumococcus . 



New Method of Staining- Lignified Tissue.* — E. F. Galiano first 

 treats the sections with caustic potash, or with sodium hypochlorite, 

 followed by washing in water. The sections are then stained in an 

 aqueous 1 : 1000 solution of thionin for 2-5 minutes. After washing 

 freely in water, the sections are passed through upgraded alcohols, 

 and when dehydrated mounted in Ijalsam. 



Another procedure consists in treating the sections, stained as above, 

 with strong hydrochloric acid, and after washing very freely in water^ 

 dehydrating in upgraded alcohols and mounting in balsam. 



Fur contrast staining, the sections may be treated with hsematoxylin, 

 with thionin and orsellina BB, or with thionin and alum-carmin. 



(6) Miscellaneous. 



New Method of finding Ova of Worms.!— S. Yaoita mixes a fresh 

 sample of faeces with equal parts of ether and of 25 p.c. antiformin, 

 and shakes vigorously. The mixture is filtered through gauze and 

 centrifuged. The lowermost layer of the deposit contains the eggs of 

 the parasitic worms. 



If the deposit becomes copious it is further diluted with antiformin, 

 filtered and centrifuged ; the deposit from this is then treated with 

 dilute hydrochloric acid and a small quantity only of ether added ; this 

 mixture is vigorously shaken and again centrifuged. This procedure 

 removes the salts and other debris, and facilitates the finding of ova 

 when scarce. 



Metallography, etc. 



Cobalt- carbon System. J — G. Boecker found that the maximum carbon 

 content obtainable by melting cobalt in contact with sugar charcoal was 

 3"9 p.c. Alloys prepared l)y melting this alloy with more cobalt were 

 examined thermally and microscopically. The microstructure was revealed 

 by polishing : etching was unnecessary. A specimen of pure cobalt was 

 etched successively with ferric chloride and picric acid solutions. No 

 indication of the existence of a carbide of cobalt was found. In the 

 slowly cooled alloys the carbon was present as graphite. At the eutectic 

 temperature, 1300° C, the cobalt held 0*82 p.c. carbon in solid solution ; 

 the eutectic contained 2'i) p.c. carbon. 



Electrical Disintegration of Metals.§— C. Benedicks has attempted 

 to apply the electrical disintegration of metals, as used by Svedberg in 

 the synthesis of colloids, as a metallographic method of "^investigatian, 



* Bol. R. Soc. Espanola Hist. Nat., xii. (1912) pp. 340-5. 



t Deutsche Med. Wochenschr., 1912, p. 1541; through Centralbl. Bakt., Ite 

 Abt. Kef., liv. (1912) p. 635. 



J Metallurgie, ix. (1912) pp. 296-303 (8 figs.). 



§ Proc. Int. Assoc. Testing Materials, ii.. No. 10 (1912) 18 pp. (12 figs.). 



