HOTSON. — CULTURE STUDIES OF FUXCil. 2'X^ 



sidt'i'ahly. " Indt'nl," he s;iys, " tlioro are liunlly two to l)c loiiiid 

 which are exaetly uHke." 



Zukal ('86) also describes a yellowish-brown bull)il under the name 

 of Dendnjphiuiu biilhifcnuii, found on birch twigs, the mycelium of 

 which is said to grow up, tree-like, and to branch nionojxxlially, the 

 ultinuite l)ran('hes terminating in rows of small hyaline ellii)soidal 

 cells. At matiu'ity these little cells become brownish and, when they 

 are abstricted, form a dusty mass. The bulbil associated with them 

 is almost spherical and bears a very close resemblance to Ilrlicosporan- 

 gium parmiticum Karsten, both in its mode of development and in its 

 general appearance. 



On decayed fruit of Lycopcr.sicuin csculi'iituni Mill. Zukal ('86) has 

 reported the occurrence of bulbils closely resembling, both in appear- 

 ance and development, the two types above referred to, but which 

 are said to differ in their greater variations and irregularities, and 

 also in the fact that they are associated with the conidia of Ilaplo- 

 trichum roscum Lk. {Ocdoccphalum glomcndosinn Bull.). It should 

 be mentioned in this connection, however, that since Zukal did not 

 apparently deal with pure cultures and no such bulbils have been 

 found, as far as the writer is aware, by others who have cultivated this 

 very common Hyphomycete, his statements must be accepted with 

 some reserve. It may be stated at this point that in none of the pub- 

 lished accounts of Helicosporangium is there any evidence that pure 

 cultures were used, and thus the possibility of contamination renders 

 these results largely untrustworthy. 



(b) Papulospora. 



Of the several species which have been placed in this genus the first 

 was described by Preuss ('51) from material found growing on decayed 

 pieces of apple and was said to be connected with chlam^'dospores 

 which resembled those of Sepedonium. He therefore named his 

 species P. scpedonioidcs. These bulbils are described as irregularly 

 arranged on lateral l)ranches, white at first and later becoming rust- 

 colored, with the cortical cells differentiated from the central ones. 

 Preuss regarded this bulbil as a single multicellular spore and not as a 

 cluster of single spores, because they never break up into individual 

 cells, although he thought the cortical layer probably bursts at the 

 time of germination. 



Eidam ('83), in the paper already referred to, described a second 

 bulbil found quite abundantly on straw, weeds, dung, etc., which 



