256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 



a slight difference in size between the neck and body, while at 

 other times several may be grown together. The neck is short, 85- 

 140 yu in length surmounted by a group of terminal setae of about 100- 

 170 n in length. The mode of development of the perithecia is some- 

 what variable. Although at times they seem to be produced from in- 

 tercalary cells, yet more frequently a short lateral branch is produced 

 which may form a close coil of one or two turns, and occasionally^ even 

 a definite spiral is found as is shown in Figure 19, Plate 3. The 

 young perithecia turn brownish at a much earlier stage of their devel- 

 opment than either those of M. papillata or M. anomala. This fact, 

 together with the large number of radiating hyphae that are produced 

 from the initial cells, a condition not occurring in either species 

 just mentioned, make it very difficult to follow the early development. 

 When the perithecium is young before the neck is produced, filaments 

 with thick brownish walls, apparently stiff' and with prominent septa, 

 are seen scattered sparingly over the surface and radiating from it. 

 They are formed by the outgrowth of some of the peripheral cells, 

 and as the perithecium becomes older, as has already been stated, 

 their number increases and some grow down into the substratum and 

 act as hold fasts. 



The '' Ilarzia-type'' of reproduction. — This mode of reproduction 

 which was studied from material preserved in alcohol appears in 

 small tufts scattered over the surface of the substratum. Short 

 lateral branches become swollen at the end after the fashion of 

 Oedocephalum or Aspergillus, and from this head a number of flask- 

 shaped sterigmata are produced, on the ends of which occur secondary 

 heads crowded with hyaline conidia which are usually spherical and 

 sessile but occasionally more or less ovoid and furnished with short 

 stalks (Figure 24, Plate 3). The secondary heads seem to ^•ary con- 

 siderably in size, and being so completely covered with conidia it was 

 difficult to determine at all times the exact relation of the different 

 parts of this fructification. In several cases there appeared to be 

 little or no swelling of the secondary head, but with the limited amount 

 of material at hand this could not be determined with certainty. 

 Occasionally the head instead of being spherical is somewhat elongated, 

 and the bottle shaped stalks, on which the secondary heads are 

 formed, are scattered along the margin of this as shown in Figure 23, 

 Plate 3. This fungus also 'produces numerous spherical conidia on 

 bottle-shaped sterigmata along the margin of the hyphae, similar to 

 those described for the other melanosporous forms. 



The chlamydospores. — On the preserved material already referred 



