696 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 



everybody has regarded (f)V(ns as meaning "nature" in some one of 

 its numerous acceptations and tKaarov as being the immediate object 

 of Siaipecov. With respect to neither Avord, I believe, is the current 

 opinion correct. The phrase eKaarov Kara 4>v<jlv, which has been misin- 

 terpreted in various connections, means "each after its kind." AVe 

 shall have to discuss a similar phrase in Empedocles, fr. 110, 5. The 

 object of Statpecoj', as of bi-qyevixaL, is contained in okoIwv, which tKacTTOv 

 distributes : " Making trial of such ai'guments and facts as I recount, 

 distinguishing them each after its own kind and declaring the nat- 

 ure of each." I have rendered okws €xet ambiguously with " nature," 

 for the phrase occurs frec|uently in Hippocrates where the 4>v(ns of 

 things is to be explained, when nothing but the context, and often 

 not even that, makes it possible to decide whether ^v<xls has regard 

 primarily to the process of growth or to the constitution of the thing 

 in which the process eventuates. In this fragment the precise impli- 

 cation of oKcos exet cannot be determined; below (V^ 91, 23) in Epi- 

 charmus, fr. 4, 6, we shall find an instance of cos exet in which the 

 process is obviously intended. I referred briefly to this ciuestion in 

 my Ilept ^ucrecos, p. 126, n. 180 and p. 127, n. 185, and illustrated the 

 scientific ideal of dividing and simplifying complex- problems by 

 distinguishing between classes and individuals, ibid. pp. 123-125. 

 Perhaps the most noteworthy text is the following, Hippocr. ITept 

 bLaLT-qsb^^kwv, 1 (2. 226 L.), drdp ovbt irepl Statrrys ol apxcloi ^vveypa-^pau 

 oi'dev d^tov X67011, KaLTOL fxeya tovto TvaprJKav. rds fxevroL -koKvt poirias 

 rds kv eKaarri toov vovacov Kal rrju ■Kokvax'-^'t-W o-vreoiv ovK rjyvoeov 'ivtoL ' 

 Tovs 5e apidnovs eKaarov twv POvarjjjLaTcov aacf)a 4>pa^eiv e6e\ovTes, om opdQis 

 eypa\j/av • jjLrj yap ovk evaplBjxrjTov eirj, d Tovreu) tis cryjixavtiTaL ttjv twv 

 KapvbvTWV vovaov, rtSi erepov erepov btacfikpeLV tl, Kal, fjv p-q tojvto vovcyqjxa 

 boKej} Hvai, pi] tccvto ovvopa ex^i-v. 



W^ 65, 10. Fr. 18, eav pi) eXTnjrai, av'tKivLcxrov ovk e^evprjaei., ave^epev- 

 vrjTOV kov Kal a-wopov. 



Here, as in fr. 27, Diels and Nestle translate eX-Tropat with "hope." 

 Burnet here renders the word with "expect," there with "look for," 

 in either case correctly. I am not sure, however, that he understands 

 our fragment as I do. It is well known that cXttIs may signify any 

 degree of expectation ranging from vague surmise to lively hope or 

 fear. In reading this fragment I am constantly reminded of a story 

 which Tyndall tells of Faraday, who recjuired to be told precisely 

 what to look for before observing an experiment which was in prep- 

 aration. All scientific observation, whether assisted or not assisted by 



