THE GEOLOGICAL TOURIST IN EUROPE. 217 



as to be easily overlooked, while the hidden forces producing 

 the landscape that the artist depicts, the battle-fields of Nature, 

 and the burial-places of conquered and conqueror alike in the 

 struggle for existence, are rarely noticed. 



The proportion of scientific men that go abroad is not small. 

 How much greater the number of amateurs ! How naturally do 

 college students pass from the attached life of lecture-room and 

 laboratory, floating off into the free life of travel ! Where better 

 can they go than to Europe, where they can learn the languages, 

 the keys to the various chambers of scientific knowledge, and 

 where roads and inns are so good and abundant ? Although 

 Europe is not the pattern of the world, yet most of our geologi- 

 cal theories have been founded on European facts, and it is easier 

 to see where a theory does not apply after seeing where it does. 



Notes of some of the more satisfactory of my excursions, ar- 

 ranged more or less continuously, may not be useless, therefore, 

 especially if accompanied with a few references. I know that 

 three years ago I would have given five dollars for such an arti- 

 cle. Of course, my sketch must follow the line of my studies. 

 Another would doubtless wish to give Kew Gardens, the Jardin 

 des Plantes, and the zoological station at Naples more place; but 

 if the imperfections of this article should cause some one else to 

 satisfy the crying need of a set of scientific guides, I would be 

 content. Even if it only leads some summer wanderer to buy a 

 geological map or two, and see not only with the eyes but with 

 the understanding also, it will have had reason for being. 



Suppose we have escaped the illustrations of the floating-ice 

 theory off Newfoundland, and passed across that hackneyed 

 specimen of an ocean-current, the Gulf Stream, and are about 

 to follow the course of the satchel-guide or some such book 

 through Europe, with limited time. 



We land first on the Emerald Isle (13).* Being a glaciated 

 country, the casual observer will not see so much of the great 

 basin of subcarboniferous limestone which the island is, but the 

 bogs due to irregular deposition of drift are a characteristic 

 feature, and we may see the drumlin — a word recently borrowed 

 to denote those smoothly rounded hills of compact bowlder clay, 

 formerly called lenticular, so common about Boston. We may 

 also see the Giant's Causeway and Fingal's Cave, illustrations of 

 basaltic jointing. I have from Portrush, not far off, a tephrite 

 obtained by Prof. Carvill-Lewis. 



Crossing over the channel, we will not stop to examine the 



beds of Anglesea, interesting as they are, unless we have plenty 



of time ; yet, if one has it, and is interested in metamorphic 



rocks, a study of the ground, in connection with past literature, 



* The numbers refer to the books at the end. 



