FALLACIES IN THE TRADES-UNIONS ARGUMENT. 363 



same way the spindle and the loom have kept us from freezing ; 

 and they are capital. 



To sum up this part of the case, we say that in order to have 

 development we must have capital, that the amount of capital 

 must depend upon the extent of development, and the amount of 

 comfort attainable upon the union of capital and labor, working 

 along the line of development. The man who can make two 

 shoes in a day will supply double the needs of the shoe-wearing 

 community that the man will who can make but one shoe in the 

 same time, and, the world over, he will be pronounced the bet- 

 ter man. Obviously, two things will certainly follow the intro- 

 duction of such a workman: the community will get its shoes 

 with one half the number of days' labor from the expert work- 

 man that were required when they were made by the inexpert 

 workman, and it will have a citizen who will be accumulating 

 capital, in lieu of one who could only barely make a living ; for it 

 will cost twice as much to clothe and feed the shoemaking force 

 of a community when it takes twice the number of men to do the 

 work, and, with double the expense, only half the capital can be 

 accumulated. 



Many years ago a distinguished philosopher and writer said 

 that the man who could tell how to make two blades of grass grow 

 where but one grew before, would be a great public benefactor. 

 With two blades of grass on the average in lieu of one, we should 

 have double the pork, beef, mutton, hides, wool, milk, butter, and 

 cheese, and we could raise twice the corn, wheat, and potatoes ; or, 

 if these were not needed in such quantity, we would have to spend 

 only half the time in meeting our wants. We all understand how 

 it works. We know that a farmer who raises, year after year, but 

 one ton of grass to the acre, is not only a poor farmer, but must 

 be a poor man also, compared with the farmer who contrives to 

 get two tons to the acre. We have all seen both kinds of farmers, 

 and are all agreed as to their relative merits. The man who can 

 accomplish most in the least time is unanimously regarded as the 

 best man in every occupation of life in which he engages. 



Universal opinion, therefore, establishes a goal for ambition, 

 and men strive to reach it. We recognize success to be the goal, 

 and success depends on the ability to do the most in the least time. 

 We must work toward success ; for working against success is 

 sure to end in disaster. No man plants corn, and then, when the 

 crop has been gathered, sets his granary on fire and burns it up. 

 No man goes to his field and stands all day with folded arms, ex- 

 pecting that the crop will grow without planting and hoeing. 



We have, then, a test by which to try all the plans which are 

 projected to advance the interests of mankind, and it is so simple 

 that any man of common understanding can apply it. Let us 



