332 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



change for the worse, in the relation of man as " a living soul " 

 to his Creator — God. Positive science — and Darwinism is in every 

 way bound by the limits of positive science — will neither help nor 

 hinder us in discussing the relation between two terms, both of 

 which are outside its range. 



In a word, we are as little prepared to consult Genesis on the 

 order of the paleontological series as to ask the high-priests of 

 modern science to solve for us the difficulties of our moral and 

 spiritual life. — The Guardian. 



THE TEACHING OF PSYCHOLOGY. 



By M. PAUL JANET. 



IN giving the name of Experimental and Comparative Psycholo- 

 gy to the chair into which it has transformed its ancient 

 chair of the Law of Nature and of Nations^ the College of France 

 has sought to give it a title broad and comprehensive enough to 

 accommodate itself to all contingencies. To have called it physio- 

 logical psychology would have made physiology too prominent, 

 and the chair might then eventually have become a mere annex 

 of that science. Physiologists have done much, but they have 

 not done everything, for experimental psychology. An intelli- 

 gent magistrate who has thoroughly studied the moral and mental 

 state of criminals ; a philosopher versed in ethnological or in ani- 

 mal psychology ; a pedagogue who has observed human faculties 

 from an educational point of view; a pure psychologist, ac- 

 quainted to the bottom with all parts of the science, but capable 

 of including them in a single philosophical synthesis — might all 

 compete for such a chair, which would not then be the exclusive 

 domain of any one specialty. The real name for this science 

 would be objective psychology, if that term were not too pedantic 

 for common use. There are, in fact, two psychologies : one which 

 is constructed by the inner sense, and is the basis of the other, 

 which might be called subjective psychology; and the other 

 formed by outward observation^ by the study of other men and of 

 animals, or of the nervous system, which is the objective psy- 

 chology of which we are speaking. The second psychology has 

 always existed to a greater or less extent ; but it is something 

 new to treat it in and for itself, disengaged from the other, and to 

 constitute it an independent science. One among the different 

 parts of which it is composed seems to be more advanced than the 

 others, and more nearly ready to claim to be a positive science. 

 It is physiological psychology, or the science that studies the or- 

 ganic and physiological conditions of the mental faculties ; and it 



