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Kaspany, Joachim, The Divine Social Science of 

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Lunt, Edward Clark. The Present Condition of 

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POPULAR MISCELLANY. 



The Organization of the Geological Snr- 

 TCy. — The statement of the organization, 

 business methods, and work of the Geo- 

 logical Survey, prepared by Major J, W. 

 Powell, the director, in response to the in- 

 quiries of the Senate Select Committee on 

 the Executive Departments, gives a very de- 

 tailed account of that bureau. The Survey 

 was organized in March, 1879, with Mr. Clar- 

 ence King as director, who was succeeded in 

 March, 1881, by Major Powell, The func- 

 tion of the Survey is " the geological survey 

 and the classification of the public lands, 

 and examination of the geological structure, 



mineral resources, and products of the na- 

 tional domain, and to continue the prepa- 

 ration of a geological map of the United 

 States." For the prosecution of these re- 

 searches, there have been organized a divis- 

 ion of geography, divided into several sec- 

 tions, a number of divisions of geology and 

 paleontology, and several miscellaneous di- 

 visions, namely, chemistry and physics, pe- 

 trography, mining statistics and technology, 

 forestry, illustrations, and library and docu- 

 ments. The funds for the support of the 

 Survey are appropriated by Congress from 

 year to year, the amount for the current fiscal 

 year being $502,240. Before the beginning 

 of each year the plan for the year is formu- 

 lated by the director, after conference with 

 the heads of the various divisions and sec- 

 tions, and a stated sum is allotted to each 

 head officer for prosecuting the work in his 

 charge. In large measure each chief is an 

 independent investigator, and, since all re- 

 ports or maps made by him are published 

 under his name, he has a strong incentive to 

 do all that can be done with the money al- 

 lotted ; his work, however, is under the gen- 

 eral supervision and control of the director. 

 The fiscal operations of the Survey are in 

 charge of a chief disbursing clerk, and there 

 are twelve disbursing agents acting under 

 his general direction. Nine of these belong 

 to the scientific staff, and merely add the 

 labor of disbursing to their other duties. 

 There is also a class of agents, made up 

 mainly of chiefs of divisions and their sci- 

 entific assistants, who are charged with the 

 custody of all property owned by the Sur- 

 vey. This class of agents is made so large 

 that each individual may have personal 

 knowledge of every article with which he is 

 charged. Collections of minerals made for 

 study in the several divisions are ultimately 

 transferred to the United States National 

 Museum, with the exception of material that 

 would be useless in a museum. In the di- 

 vision of illustrations, a number of assist- 

 ants are employed upon drawings and the 

 proof-reading of engravings. There is a pho- 

 tographic laboratory belonging to the divis- 

 ion in charge of a photographer who has 

 four assistants. This force does not include 

 that employed in the section of topographic 

 drawing in the division of geography. The 

 labor of preparing the manuscripts for the 



