464 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



The mixed state of the bones, for which the busy puffins are 

 to some extent responsible, renders it absolutely impossible to 

 secure the skeleton of any given individual, and makes it neces- 

 sary to procure a large number of bones in order that there should 

 be the least chance of reconstructing an entire specimen. A skel- 

 eton recently mounted for the exhibition series of the United 

 States National Museum is absolutely perfect, while the number 

 of bones secured by our party on the Grampus jjrobably exceeds 

 that of all other collections combined. Some of these are natu- 

 rally in a poor state of preservation, but others are quite perfect, 

 and, save for their discoloration, in as good condition as if buried 

 only for two or three years. 



It would scarcely be just to close this article without giving 

 all due credit to Captain J. W. Collins, whose cordial support of 

 the proposed expedition finally determined the sending of the 

 Grampus to Funk Island, and made the trip so decidedly a success. 

 The thanks of the party are also tendered to the Rev. M. Harvey, 

 of St. John's, for the advice and information so cheerfully given 

 them. 



THE ETHICS OF KANT. 



By HERBEET SPENCER. 



IF, before Kant uttered that often-quoted saying in which, with 

 the stars of Heaven he coupled the conscience of Man, as being 

 the two things that excited his awe, he had known more of Man 

 than he did, he would probably have expressed himself somewhat 

 otherwise. Not, indeed, that the conscience of Man is not wonder- 

 ful enough, whatever be its supposed genesis ; but the wonderf ul- 

 ness of it is of a different kind according as we assume it to have 

 been supernatural ly given or infer that it has been naturally 

 evolved. The knowledge of Man in that large sense which An- 

 thropology expresses, had made, in Kant's day, but small advances. 

 The books of travel were relatively few, and the facts which they 

 contained concerning the human mind as existing in different 

 races, had not been gathered together and generalized. In our 

 days, the conscience of Man as inductively known has none of that 

 universality of presence and unity of nature which Kant's saying 

 tacitly assumes. Sir John Lubbock writes : 



"In fact, I believe that the lower races of men may be said to be deficient in 

 the idea of right. . . . Tliat there should be any races of men so deficient in moral 

 feeling, was altogether opposed to the preconceived ideas with which I commenced 

 the study of savage life, and I have arrived at the conviction by slow degrees, and 

 even with reluctance." — Origin of Cimlization, 1882, pp. 404, 405. 



But now let us look at the evidence from which this impression 



