THE LAST STAGES IN THE GENEALOGY OF MAN. 825 



tion from the insectivora is, however, in no way contradictory 

 with descent from the marsupials. The primitive type of the lat- 

 ter was insectivorous in the Triassic and Jurassic epochs. 



The last relation to be considered is that with the ungulates, 

 concerning which we have the observation of M. Albert Gaudry. 

 " I have asked myself," he says, in his " Tertiary Fossils," '*' if 

 the lemurs had not a community of origin with many of the ex- 

 tinct pachyderms." The resemblances between recent lemurs 

 and the ungulates, pointed out by MM. Alphonse Milne-Edwards 

 and Grandidier in their great work on Madagascar, lend credi- 

 bility to this oj)inion. Two genera are conformed to the idea : 

 Adapts, the Parisian species of which, derived from the gypsums 

 of the Upper Eocene of Montmartre, was classed by Cuvier among 

 the pachyderms, but appears, judging by the teeth, the skull, and 

 parts of the limbs, to be only a lemur ; and the Aplelotherium, 

 classed by Gervais also with the pachyderms, and now recognized 

 as a lemur. The resemblance occurs among the Eocene species of 

 the stock of recent perissodactyli, such as the Hyracotherium, 

 the LophiotlieriuTTi, and the Pacliynoloplius. 



Mr. Cope has also discovered several species of Adapis in the 

 United States, and confirms these resemblances. It is, however, 

 ■proper to remark that the genealogy leading to man is not in 

 question in this matter. Mr. Cope divides the American fossil 

 lemurs into three families : the Anaptomorphs, which lead, by two 

 branches, one to the monkeys and the other to man ; the Mixodec- 

 tines, the outcome of which I do not know ; and the Adapides, 

 which lead to the ungulates. The branch of the Adapis is, there- 

 fore, according to Mr. Cope, foreign to the branch leading to man. 



We shall shortly now abandon the eighteenth stage^ or the 

 lemurs of Haeckel, to pass to the nineteenth, that of the catar- 

 rhinian apes, or rather to the monkeys as a whole. 



The further I go, the more I am convinced that the anthropoids 

 should be joined with the monkeys recognized by all under that 

 name, and that they are only the highest family of them ; and 

 the more I am persuaded that they should be separated from man, 

 looking at the matter from a morphological point of view, further 

 than is admitted in a certain school ; for the physiological or in- 

 tellectual point of view is not for an instant discussable. The 

 principal classifications of the primates are as follow : 



Cuvier, two groups, man and the monkeys, the latter, under the 

 name of quadrumana, being divided into apes, lemurs, and ouistitis, 

 the first including what are called great apes or anthropoids. 



Broca, in his last classification, which is only a variant of that 

 of Linnaeus — two groups : man and the anthropoids together ; the 

 monkeys, including those of the old continent or the pithecans, 

 and those of the new continent or the cebians. 



