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THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY 



Book of Cats and Dogs and other Friends. By 

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Forestry of the Ural Mountains. Compiled by 

 John (.'roumbie Brown. Edinburgh : Oliver & 

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Occult Science in India and among the Ancients. 

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Icaria : A Chapter in the Tlistorj' of Commun- 

 ism. Bv Albert Shaw, Ph.D. New York: U. P. 

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My Farm at Edge wood. By the author of 

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 Scribners Sons. Pp. 3^9. $1.25. 



Country Cousins. By Ernest IngersoJl. New 

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TJ. S. Life-Saving Service. Pvcport for 18S3. 

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There was once a Man. By R. II. Newell. 

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An Appeal to Caesar. By Albion "W. Tourgee. 

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Black and White. By T. Thomas Fortune. 

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The Physician's Visiting List for 18S5. Phila- 

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The Northern Sugar Industry during the Season 

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Popular Fallacies regarding Precious-Metal Ore- 

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The Eclectic Physiology. By Eli F. Brown, 

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A Thou.sand Questions on American History. 

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Report of the Commissioner of Education. 1882- 

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POPULAR MISCELLANY. 



American Association Addresses. — Pro- 

 fessor J. W. Langlcy's vice-presidential ad- 

 dress before the Chemical Section of the 

 American Association was on " Chemical Af- 

 finity." He opened his paper with a review 

 of the various theories that had been pro- 

 posed to account for chemical action from 

 Hippocrates down, and showed how the term 

 "affinity "has disappeared from the chemi- 

 cal literature of the present day. Three 

 methods of studying the force of affinity 

 have been taken up and followed in parallel 

 courses, which may be designated as the 

 thermal, the electrical, and the method of 

 time or speed. It is deduced from thermo- 

 chemical phenomena that the work of chem- 

 ical combination is largely influenced by 

 the surrounding conditions of temperature, 

 pressure, and volume, and that the force of 

 affinity is dependent on the conditions exte- 

 rior to the reacting system which limit the 

 possible amount of change. The electrical 

 method has been followed less actively than 

 the thermal one, and has not led to any par- 

 ticularly definite results. Very little work 

 has been done in the method of time or 

 speed of chemical reaction, in which, how- 

 ever, Professor Langley suggests that the 

 future of chemical research may lie. Chem- 

 istry is behind physics, in that it is served 

 by only two fundamental conceptions — mass 

 and volume — while physics is underlain by 

 three — space, mass, time. What would phys- 

 ics bo without the notation of velocities? 

 such in a measure is chemistry without tak- 

 ing accoimt of dynamics. Whenever we 

 look outside of chemistry, we find that the 

 lines of the great theories along which prog- 

 ress is making are those of dynamic hypoth. 

 eses. So it is in biology, in geology, and in 

 physiology, where all observations are made 

 in the light of time-indications ; and so it 

 must be in chemistry. " The study of the 

 speed of reaction has but just begun. It 

 is' a line of work surrounded with unusual 

 difficulties, but it contains a rich store of 

 promise." 



In his address before the Geological and 

 Geographical Section on "The Crystalline 

 Rocks of the Northwest," Professor N. H. 

 WincbcU presented some considerations in 

 favor of recognizing and adopting in Ameri- 



