LITERARY NOTICES. 



561 



by the statistics. Then the devices of co- 

 operation for giving the laborers a share in 

 the profits of capital and the wages of su- 

 perintendence, either in the form of dis- 

 tributive or productive co-operation, indus- 

 trial partnerships, and people's banks, are 

 described, and also the effect of peasant 

 proprietorships on small owners of land in 

 giving them a share of the "unearned in- 

 crement." 



Mr. Mill's chapter on protection was al- 

 most out of date ; moreover, his own views 

 on protection to infant industries had been 

 more fully expressed in a letter which was 

 inserted by the editor. The arguments con- 

 cerning wages and the tariff, diversity of in- 

 dustries, and the effect of a tariff on prices, 

 have been added at this place. 



The illustrations have been modified so 

 as to apply directly to the United States? 

 as in case of the exchanges, international 

 trade, etc. A marked feature of this edi- 

 tion is the striking use made of illustrative 

 diagrams. The twenty -four maps or charts 

 which bear especially on American condi- 

 tions have been inserted in order the better 

 to apply principles to the state of things 

 directly about us. This method is of great 

 importance. As many kinds of graphic rep- 

 resentation as possible have been introduced. 

 No other text-book on political economy ex- 

 ists which makes use of chai'ts in this way. 

 It both interests the pupil and makes sta- 

 tistics alive, and it stimulates a reader to a 

 study of facts and to the verification of eco- 

 nomic principles. The single chart No V 

 is in itself an exposure of the folly of sup- 

 posing that our railways are grasping mo- 

 nopolies ; and chart No. X tells the whole 

 story of the fluctuating value of silver at 

 a glance. As a device in teaching, many 

 small diagrams are used here and there, to 

 show the abstract in the form of the con- 

 crete. For example, three concentric cir- 

 cles illustrate the relation between wealth, 

 capital, and money. A good teacher will 

 make others of his own. 



Perhaps the most pressing practical diffi- 

 ^ culty to honest inquirers is a knowledge of 

 books in this age of much publishing. 

 An evident effort has been made through- 

 out the whole work to meet this want 

 by bibliographies. The editor seems to 

 have been animated with an earnest pur- 

 VOL. XXVI. — 36 



pose to unlock the results of study upon 

 this subject to every reader, and to give 

 him the knowledge of books which only a 

 very laborious student in a large library 

 could acquire. This was done first by sup- 

 plying to the new edition the story of the 

 growth of economic ideas and the existing 

 body of laws, attended by the title and date 

 of the books of each writer who figures in 

 this story, so that not only past but living 

 writers arc classed in schools and their 

 books given in that connection. Thus, any 

 reader is able to select his additional read- 

 ing with a clear idea of its tendency and 

 position in regard to other systems. Then 

 a brief list of the most important books in 

 political economy, which would form a small 

 but well-selected library for any teacher or 

 student, has been given under the head of 

 "Books for Consultation" (pp. 43-46). 

 This list will be useful also while the read- 

 er is mastering his Mill. 



But, after he has finished Mill's volume, 

 bibliographies on various questions of the 

 day are given, in order to furnish readers 

 with the tools for further and special study. 

 For example, in Book IV, Chapter V, p. 6, 

 a list of books treating of industrial part- 

 nership is given ; and, in Appendix I, bib- 

 liographies on our tariff history, bimetalism, 

 and American shipping are given in more 

 detail. Moreover, throughout the work the 

 reader is put in the way of finding publica- 

 tions devoted to other or opposing views 

 from those given in the text. This, it is 

 believed, is a feature not found in any other 

 text-book, and teaches men to compare views 

 for the sake of truth — in short, to think, 

 and not merely to absorb an authority. 



In Appendix II, examination-questions 

 will aid both student and teacher in esti- 

 mating the extent of knowledge necessary 

 to good work. These have been taken from 

 Harvard papers or those set in English uni- 

 versities. 



It will thus be seen that this new edition 

 of Mill's work is a contribution to more 

 thorough methods of teaching political econ- 

 omy, and aims at a breadth and liberality of 

 treatment which arc now imperatively de- 

 manded in the pursuit of this comprehensive 

 and important science. The purpose of the 

 book is to insure a mastery of the subject. 

 The reader who follows all the references 



