632 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



the cholera attacks those sites which lie in a valley which crosses the 

 streets, and the places which are situate on the heights between two 

 valleys are spared. In the valleys, however, which are only crossed by 

 one principal road, the epidemic spreads itself in places which lie in 

 the valley upward and downward in the direction of the river, al- 

 though the intercommunication may be very slight and the river not 

 navigable. In Central India for a long time the great rivers were the 

 principal means of communication, and the cholera spread by prefer- 

 ence along these routes. When in recent times the Indian railways 

 were started, it was thought that cholera would forsake the old routes 

 and travel along the railway. But such was found by Cornish not to 

 be the case. Of course, the same statement holds good in Europe. 

 Saxony is perhaps as thickly peopled and as much overrun with rail- 

 ways as any state in Germany. Since 1836 cholera prevailed in Sax- 

 ony on no less than eleven different years ; but, as Reinhard and Giin- 

 ther have proved, its propagation was not in any way directed by the 

 developing net-work of railways. Certain places in Saxony always 

 were the centers for cholera, and so remained despite the railways. 

 Freiberg, in Saxony, was never visited by cholera either before or af- 

 ter the railway was completed, while certain parts of the Mulde and 

 Pleisse Thai were regularly visited. As often as an epidemic of cholera 

 broke out in North or South Germany, cases were observed in Saxony ; 

 but for an epidemic to develop in Saxony always required time. Every 

 year in Saxony which was marked by a heavy death-rate from cholera 

 was preceded by a year during which the mortality was comparatively 

 slight. Thus, in 1849 there were 488 deaths ; in 1850, 1,.551 ; in 1865, 

 358 ; and in 1866, as many as 6,731 ; again, only four cases in 1872, 

 but 365 in 1873. 



If the cholera can be brought by sufferers direct from India to 

 Toulon, where the sea-passage lasts only three weeks, then if the dis- 

 ease prevail in North Germany it must always spread to South and 

 West Germany, and inversely, since we have nothing but cholera on 

 the one hand and healthy people on the other. But whoever studies 

 the history of cholera will find nothing but contradictions of this 

 postulate of the contagion ists. In 1854 Berlin took no cholera from 

 Munich, and in 1866 Munich received no cholera from Berlin, not- 

 withstanding extensive intercommunication during the Industrial Ex- 

 hibition and despite the war. 



A PROJECT IN INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. 



By FEANKLIN HAVEN NOKTH. 



THE " children of the public," as the street Arabs are called by that 

 agreeable writer, Edward Everett Hale, are known for their acute- 

 ness rather than for their docility. The mots of the Paris gamin give to 

 the French /ewiY^e^on not a little of its spice, and his Anglo-Saxon pro- 



