LITERARY NOTICES. 



709 



who have no estates. A system of credits 

 has been developed, with something like 

 banks. And the McDonough School has be- 

 come the epitome of a State, with its laws, 

 and its vested interests, and its business 

 methods, all systematically regulated, and 

 the regulations a living force. The succes- 

 sive steps that have led up to this condition, 

 the reason for each new measure, and the 

 effect of it after it went into operation, are 

 graphically described in the essay. 



Town and County Government in the Eng- 

 lish Colonies of North America. By 

 Edward Channing, Ph. D. Baltimore : 

 N. Murray. Pp. 57. Price, 50 cents. 



This is another of that series of valuable 

 studies in the development of our political 

 history which the Johns Hopkins University 

 is giving to the public in monthly mono- 

 graphs. It describes the manner in which 

 the parochial, or town, and county organi- 

 zations in the older colonies arose, from 

 some or other of which the similar organiza- 

 tions of the newer States in their essential 

 features were derived. The exact form 

 which the local organization in each colony 

 should assume is regarded as having de- 

 pended upon the economic conditions of the 

 colony ; the experience in the management 

 of local concerns which its founders brought 

 from the mother-country ; and the form of 

 church government and local organization 

 which was found expedient. 



Prehistoric America. By the Marquis de 

 Nadaillac. Translated by N. D' Anvers. 

 Edited bv W. 11. Ball. New York : G. 

 P. Putnam's Sons. Pp. 566, with 219 

 Illustrations. Price, $5. 



The author of this work was already well 

 known to students of archaeology by the 

 book previously published by him on primi- 

 tive men and prehistoric times, in which 

 were described the stone age of Europe and 

 the early resting-places of the ancient in- 

 habitants of the Old World. The good-will 

 with which that work was received has led 

 him to supplement it by tracing the analo- 

 gous period in America. In carrying out 

 this study, he has made good use of the in- 

 vestigations which have been undertaken in 

 the United States, to which he fittingly ac- 

 knowledges his obligations. As a result he 

 has sriven a methodical and comprehensive 



treatise, constituting, perhaps, the most ade- 

 quate presentation of the whole subject that 

 has yet been made in a single volume. The 

 present translation has been made with the 

 author's sanction, and, with his permission, 

 has been so modified and revised by the 

 editor — who is recognized as an expert in 

 this branch — as to bring it into harmony 

 with the results of recent investigation and 

 the conclusions of the best authorities on the 

 archaeology of the United States. In the 

 final chapter the editor expresses his views 

 as to the manner in which America was peo- 

 pled, to the effect that it was done at dif- 

 ferent times by scions of different races. 

 The completeness of the index deserves 

 commendation. 



The Eclectic Physiology. By Eli F. 

 Brown, M. D. Cincinnati and New 

 York : Van Antwerp, Bragg & Co. Pp. 

 189, with Plates. 



This is a treatise prepared with special 

 reference to its use in schools, and giving 

 only such matter as seems needful to enable 

 pupils fairly to master the subject, but with 

 supplementary matter in notes. The study 

 is made to proceed from the simplest, in a 

 plain order of dependence, to the most com- 

 plex parts: under each topic, attention is 

 first given to the structure and use of parts ; 

 upon which the hygiene of the part follows 

 closely. Attention is given to the care of 

 proper sanitary conditions in the home, and 

 to the discussion of habits ; and the effects 

 of narcotics and stimulants on the body and 

 mind are set forth plainly and fully. 



ICARiA : A Chapter in the History of 



Communism. Bv Albert Shaw, Ph. D. 



New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons. Pp. 



219. Price, $1. 



The purpose in this book is simply to 

 present in full the history of a single com- 

 munistic enterprise, without going into the 

 discussion of the merits or demerits of com- 

 munism, or into the consideration of any 

 topic aside from the narrative. The author 

 submits two particular reasons why this 

 story should be told: First, it has never 

 been told before, except in the most meager 

 and inaccurate way, and is besides a pecul- 

 iarly romantic and interesting one ; second, 

 because " as an example of communism in 

 the concrete, Icaria has illustrative value 



