748 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



pupil, the head turns in the direction of the eyes, and the ears are 

 thrown back. 



When the testes are stimulated, the same results follow, but with 

 the sti'iking addition that, upon the least touch of the electrodes, cries 

 are produced which change from a brief bark to all kinds of sounds as 

 the stimulation is continued. 



The opinion has been held by many, and is explicitly stated by 

 Austin Flint, that " the optic lobes serve as the sole centers presiding 

 over the sense of sight, and not merely as avenues of communication of 

 this sense to the cerebral hemispheres." When Flint gives as " posi- 



FiG. 13. — Brain of Gauss, the celebrated Mathematician and Astronomer, upper aspect. 

 (Sharpey, after R. Wagner.) II, lonsjitudmal fissure; a, a', a", upper, middle, and lower 

 frontal convolutions ; A, A, ascending frontal convolution; r, r, fissure of Rolando; B, B. as- 

 cending parietal convolutions; 6, b, parietal lobule; 6", supra-marginal lobule ; c, c', first or 

 upper temporal convolution ; p, perpendicular (or parieto-occipital) fissure; d, d', d", upper, 

 middle, and lower occipital convoluiions. . 



tive " proof of his conclusion the statement that " the sense of sight is 

 preserved after complete removal of the cerebrum," he shows how 

 easily it is possible to give, as proof of a conclusion, the conclusion 

 itself. The thing to be determined is, that the actions displayed after 

 removal of the cerebrum are accompanied by any form of conscious- 

 ness. While it can not be shown that they are not, it is equally impos- 

 sible to show that they are. The conclusion of Wundt may be the 

 correct one, viz., that these activities are no more designed or conscious 

 than those reflex movements which we know to be produced by the 

 spinal cord. 



