6i2 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



or salmon), or, in the case of children, cod-liver oil. The 

 stewing, which is frequently necessarily prolonged in the case 

 of tough meats, may be prolonged to the tough outer green 

 leaves of cabbages and cauliflowers, since these contain the 

 valuable fat-soluble vitamine which is less readily destroyed 

 by heat than is the anti-scorbutic vitamine. 



In times of shortage of fruit and vegetables, pulses and 

 even cereals should be germinated or sprouted before use. 

 All vegetables used in stews should either be cooked first and 

 added just before serving, or should be finely chopped, thrown 

 in the stew at the last moment, and served after 5-10 minutes' 

 boihng. When vegetables are scarce, but fruit of well-known 

 anti-scorbutic value is available, fruit will replace the anti- 

 scurvy, but not the growth-promoting, value of the vegetables. 

 A ration of about half a pound of vegetables daily has often 

 been regarded as an ample ration for an average man doing 

 full work.* Experience justifies this assumption, on the whole, 

 excepting in cases of persistent over-cooking such as those 

 quoted above. On analogy with the protective ration of fruit- 

 juice necessary to prevent scurvy in a monkey, and allowing 

 for the difference in the body weight, the fresh juice of a medium- 

 sized orange or lemon, or a fairly large fresh tomato daily 

 should prove an ample anti-scorbutic ration for the average 

 adult. 



* There seems little doubt that a diet richer in vitamines is required 

 during periods of active work than during periods of rest. In South Africa 

 natives who live on a diet poor in vitamines seldom develop scurvy in their 

 own homes ; when brought to the mining centres and given a better diet 

 than that to which they are accustomed, scurvy often supervenes after only 

 two or three weeks of the unaccustomed and hard labour of the mines. 



LITERATURE 



1. Harden and Zilva, Biochem. Journ., xiv, p. 131, 1920. 



2. Mellanby, The Lancet, Dec. 7, 1918. 



3. Steenbock, Journ. Biol. Chem., xl, p. 501, 1919. 



4. Delf and Tozer, Biochem. Journ., xii, No. 4, p. 416, 1918. 



5. Campbell and Chick, The Lancet, Aug. 23, 1919- 



6. Chick and Delf, Biochem. Journ., xiii, p. 199, 1919- 



7. Harden and Zilva, The Lancet, Sept. 7, 1918. 



8. Masters and Garbutt, Biochem. Journ., July 1920. 



9. Delf, Biochem. Journ., July 1920. 



ID. Fiirst, Zeitschrift f. Hyg., p. 121, 1912. 



11. Givens and Cohen, Journ. Biol. Chem., xxxvi, p. 127, 1918. 



12. Delf and Skelton, Biochem. Journ., xii, p. 448, 1918. 



13. Wilson, China Medical Journal, xxxiv, p. 503, 1920. 



14. Report on Accessory Food Factors, Medical Research Committee, 1919- 



15. Chick and Dalyell, Brit. Med. Journ., p. 546, Oct. 9, 1920. 



16. Chick, Hume, and Skelton, The Lancet, Aug. 23, 1919. 



