LITERARY NOTICES. 



137 



The T0POGR.VPHER ; His Instruments and 

 Methods. Illustrated with numerous 

 Plates, Maps, and Engravings. By Lewis 

 M. Hacpt, a. M., C. E. rhiladelphia : 

 J. M. Stoddart. Pp. 184. Price, §4.00. 



This book is designed for the instruction 

 of students. It opens with a chapter on 

 " How and what to observe," which is fol- 

 lowed by one on " The Instrumental Out- 

 fit," in which are described, with cuts, the 

 prismatic compass, chronometer, barometer, 

 odometer, pedometer, clinometer, sextant, 

 hand-level, heliotrope, reflector, and range- 

 finder, the name of some maker being given 

 with each. The next three chapters are on 

 " Scales of Maps," "Forms of Record," and 

 " Graphical Representations," and are sup- 

 plied with diagrams and tables for illustra- 

 tion and reference. Under "Instruments 

 and Methods used in ' Filling in,' " direc- 

 tions are given for making stadia measure- 

 ments, for the use of the plane-table, and 

 of the transit. Directions for determinincr 

 the true meridian follow, with descriptions 

 of two forms of solar transit. Short chap- 

 ters are devoted to " Hydrography " and 

 " Underground Topography," ; " Field 

 Sketching," " Computations," and " Model- 

 ing" are taken up successively, and the 

 final chapter is devoted to " Applications," 

 in which are considered the locating of 

 common roads, railroads, canals, and pipe- 

 lines ; irrigation, aqueducts, and the locating 

 of cities. Among the accompanying maps 

 may be mentioned one of the Yellowstone 

 National Park, one of the floor of the Mam- 

 moth coal-bed in the vicinity of Summit 

 Hill, Carbon county, Pennsylvania, and 

 charts of Hampton Roads, and Boston Bay. 



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