274 



THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



rive at a true understanding of mental phe- 

 nomena, and also by the systematic cliarac- 

 ter and evident thoroughness of his studies 

 in the nervous system. His volume has 

 interest from this point of view, quite in- 

 dependent of any special conclusions at 

 which he has arrived. The first edition 

 was published in 1879, and met with so fa- 

 vorable a reception that he has found it de- 

 sirable, from his own ripening views and 

 from important contributions that have been 

 recently made to the subject of animal intel- 

 ligence, to revise it, and publish the second 

 edition, which has now appeared. While 

 JDr. Calderwood has, of course, a large ap- 

 preciation of the importance of the organic 

 factors in psychical science, it need hardly 

 Ibe said that he writes very much in the 

 interest of the old mental philosophy, and 

 against what he regards as the inordinate 

 claims of materialistic doctrine. The object 

 of his book, as he says, " is to ascertain what 

 theory of mental life is warranted on strict- 

 ly scientific evidence," and nothing certainly 

 can be more significant of the progress of 

 mental philosophy than this unreserved ac- 

 ceptance of the strictly scientific method in 

 its pursuit, and the acknowledged necessity 

 there is of studying organic derangements 

 in connection with mental aberrations, and 

 of studying the psychical manifestations of 

 inferior animals, if a valid and comprehen- 

 sive theory of mind is to be reached. 



The Fertilization of Flowers. By Pro- 

 fessor Hermann Muller, translated and 

 edited by D'Arcy W. Thompson, B. A. 

 With a Preface by Charles Darwin. Il- 

 lustrated. London and New York : Mac- 

 millan & Co. Pp. 669. Price, $5, 



This comprehensive book is a collection 

 of all the latest information upon a subject 

 which pertains to the relations of two 

 sciences — botany and entomology. It was 

 not until the close of the last century that 

 the true nature and significance of flowers 

 began to be perceived, and we are indebted 

 to Sprengel for the earliest true explana- 

 tions of the most important phenomena in 

 the life of flowers. From that time onward 

 observations have accumulated and expla- 

 nations multiplied until the present age, 

 when the whole subject received a new im- 

 pulse and took a new direction under the 

 influence of the Darwinian school. Of the 



book before us, which is quite a cyclopedia 

 of the subject, Mr. Darwin says in the pref- 

 atory notice, which was one of the very last 

 of his writings : 



The publication of a translation of Hermann 

 Mailer's "Die Befruchtuug der Blumen," etc., will 

 without doubt be a great service to every English 

 botanist or entomologist who is interested in gen- 

 eral biological problems. The book contains an enor- 

 mous mass of original observations on the fertili- 

 zation of flowers, and on the part which insects play 

 in the work, given with much clearness and illus- 

 trated with many excellent woodcuts. It includes 

 references to everything which has been written on 

 the subject; and in this respect the English edition 

 will greatly exceed in value even the original Ger- 

 man edition of 1ST3, as Muller has completed the 

 references up to the present time. No one else 

 could have done the latter work so well, as he has 

 kept a full account of all additions to our knowledge 

 on this subject. 



Any one who will carefully study the present 

 work, and then observe for himself, will be sure to 

 make some interesting discoveries ; and, as the ref- 

 erences to all that has been observed are so com- 

 plete, he will be saved the disappointment of find- 

 ing that which he thought was new was an already 

 well-known fact. 



The Unity of Nature. By the Duke op 

 Argyll. New York: G. P. Putnam's 

 Sons. Pp. 571. Price, $2.50. 



This work is a sequel to " The Reign of 

 Law," published in 1866. It is of philo- 

 sophical import, and devoted to the discus- 

 sion of many of the most important ques- 

 tions and problems concerning the order and 

 government of nature, which have come 

 into great prominence in new forms in tho 

 present age. It is written from the ortho- 

 dox stand-point, is full of acute criticisms, 

 displays a wide familiarity with the results 

 of science, is full of controversy, and is an 

 elegantly printed and very handsome book 

 — as becomes its ducal authorship. 



For Mothers and Daughters : A Manual 

 OF Hygiene for the Household. By 

 Mrs. E. G. Cook, M. D. New York: 

 Fowler & Wells. Pp.292. Price, $1.50. 



The author has spent many years in 

 studying the causes of the sufferings of 

 women and trying to relieve them. Believ- 

 ing that they came of ignorance or viola- 

 tion of Nature's laws, she has composed this 

 work to point out those laws, and direct such 

 women as it can influence to return to them. 

 In it are discussed, briefly, the ordinary sub- 

 jects of hygiene, and the special functions 



