ABSTRACTS 



Authors of scientific papers are requested to see that abstracts, preferably- 

 prepared and signed by themselves, are forwarded promptly to the editors. 

 The abstracts should conform in length and general style to those appearing in 

 this issue. 



TECHNOLOGY. — Effects of glucose and salts on the wearing quality 

 of sole leather. P. L. WormelEy, R. C. Bowker, R. W. Hart, 

 L. M. Whitmore and J. B. ChurchiIvIv. Bur. Standards Techn. 

 Paper 138. Pp. 38, pis. 2, figs. 23. 1919. 

 This paper contains a description of the methods used and the re- 

 sults obtained from the first of a series of tests to be made on this 

 subject. Four brands of leather were tested; two tannages to which 

 very small amounts of glucose and salts were added and two tannages 

 to which larger amounts of these materials were added. The experi- 

 mental work consisted of actual service tests on shoes, tests on a lab- 

 oratory wearing machine, water absorption tests and complete chemical 

 analyses of the original and worn leathers. Results are presented which 

 show the variation in wear of the different leathers, the variation in 

 wear of soles cut from different locations on the hide, the water ab- 

 sorption qualities of the leathers and the variation in chemical com- 

 position of the leathers in different parts of the hide for both the new and 

 worn soles. From the results of the test there is no indication that the 

 addition of glucose and salts is either beneficial or detrimental to the 

 durability of the leather and it is conclusively shown that the greater 

 part of the added glucose and salts was lost from the leather during 

 wear while the other water-soluble materials appeared to be retained 

 in the leather. P. L. W. 



ANTHROPOLOGY. — Native villages and village sites east of the Missis- 

 sippi. David I. Bushnell, Jr. Bur. Amer. Ethn. Bull. 69. 

 Pp. Ill, pi. 17, figs. 12. 

 The material for this paper has been drawn mainly from the writings 

 of early travelers, supplemented to a large extent by the results of 

 modern archaeological explorations. A short description of the country 

 and people, embodying the results of the latest researches, introduces 

 the subject, and a bibliography of 7 1 titles concludes it. 



J. R. S wanton. 

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