ZOOLOGY 33 



Papers on Echinoderms include : Crozier, " Notes on some Problems of 

 Adaptation : II. On the Temporal Relations of Asexual Propagation and 

 Gametic Reproduction in Coscinasterias tenuispina : with a Note on the 

 Direction of Progression and on the Significance of the Madrepores ; and 

 III. The Volume of Water involved in the Cloacal Pumping of Holothurians 

 (Stichopus) " {Biol. Bull., vol. xxxix, No. 2, Aug. 1920) ; and " The Bionomics 

 of Melita " [Amer. Nat., vol. liv. No. 634, Sept. 1920). 



The " Phylogeny of the Arthropods, with especial reference 

 to the Trilobites " {Amer. Nat., vol. liv, No. 634, Oct. 1920), 

 by Raymond, is a review of the relationships of the groups of 

 Arthropods when viewed in the light of our knowledge of the 

 detailed structure of the Trilobites. These animals are claimed 

 as primitive and ancestral, and further, it is suggested that 

 the chief modifications in other groups are in the nature of 

 reductions — the loss of whole appendages, of branches, or of 

 segments. It is claimed that the geological record also favours 

 the theory that the other Arthropods were derived from 

 Trilobites. If this be the case, then the search for the ancestral 

 Arthropod must be conducted among the forerunners of the 

 Trilobites. These were floating and swimming animals, and 

 the adoption of a crawling mode of life is to be regarded as a 

 later specialisation. The Copepods are held to be fairly 

 closely related to the Trilobites. 



Other papers include : 



Dodds, " Entomostraca and Life Zones: A Study of Distribution in the 

 Colorado Rockies" {Biol. Bull., vol. xxxix. No. i, July 1920); Komai, 

 " Spermatogenesis of Squilla oratoria De Hann " {Jour. Morph., vol. xxxiv, 

 No. 2, Sept. 1920); and Stebbing, "The Malacostracs of Durban Bay" 

 {Ann. Durban Mus., vol. ii, pt. 6, Aug. 1920). . . . Adolph, " Egg-laying 

 Reactions in the Pomace Fly, Drosophila" {Jour. Exp. Zool., vol. xxxi. 

 No. 3, Oct. 1920) ; Herms and Freeborn, " The Egg-laying Habits of Cali- 

 fornian Anopheles" {Jour. Parasit., vol. vii. No. 2, Dec. 1920); Muller, 

 " Further Changes in the White-eye Series of Drosophila and their Bearing 

 on the Manner of Occurrence of Mutation" {Jour. Exp. Zool., vol. xxxi. 

 No. 4, Nov. 1920) ; Nonidez, " The Internal Phenomena of Reproduction 

 in Drosophila " {Biol. Bull., vol. xxxix. No. 4, Oct. 1920) ; Schrader, " Sex 

 Determination in the White-fly {Trial eurodes vaporariorum) " {Jour. Morph., 

 vol. xxxiv. No. 2, Sept. 1920); and Walker, " W ohlfahrtia vigil (Walker) as 

 a Human Parasite (Diptera-Sarcophagidae) " {Jour. Parasit., vol. vii. No. i, 

 Sept. 1920). . . . Barker, "Further Data and some Corrections on the Brevi- 

 collis Group of the Cicindelce " {Ann. Durban Mus., vol. ii, pt. 6, Aug. 1920) ; 

 and Weiss, " The Insect Enemies of Polyporoid Fungi " {Amer. Nat., vol. 

 liv. No. 634, Oct. 1920). . . . Bowen, " Studies on Insect Spermatogenesis : 

 I. The History of the Cytoplasmic Components of the Sperm in Hemiptera " 

 {Biol. Bull., vol. xxxix. No. 6, Dec. 1920). 



While much has been written concerning the nuptial flight 

 and the act of copulation of the bee, it has been little studied 

 from the physiological point of view, and this is the standpoint 

 adopted by Bishop in " Fertilisation in the Honey-bee : I. The 

 Male Sexual Organs ; their Histological Structure and their 



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