PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 207 



563-76, 659-72, 673-88. Vol. Ill, pp. 85-106, 247-69, 391- 

 414, 557-64, 667-90, 691-714. 



Useful summaries by Loeb are (i) " Address to the Harvey 

 Society, October 1920," in Science N.S., 52, pp. 449-56, 1920. 

 (2) " Chemical and Physical Behaviour of Proteins," Chemical 

 and Metallurgical Engineering, p. 550, 1921. 



Both these have been reprinted in the Journal of the Society 

 of Leather Trades' Chemists, Vol. V, No. 5, May 1921. 



ENTOMOLOGY. By A. D. Imms, M.A., D.Sc, Institute of Plant Pathology, 

 Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden. 



Some of the more important contributions to entomology that 

 have come to notice during the past half-year may be briefly 

 referred to under the following headings : 



General Entomology. — G. C. Crampton has contributed a 

 number of papers bearing upon the general morphology of in- 

 sects. In Journ. N.Y. Ent. Soc. (29, 63-100) he discusses the 

 phylogenetic origin of the mandibles of insects and other 

 Arthropoda and concludes, from the evidence afforded by these 

 appendages, that the line of development of the higher Crustacea 

 has accompanied that of the Insecta much further than has 

 happened in the case of the Symphyla. This conclusion is in 

 agreement with that derived from the study of other organs, 

 and he regards the Crustacea, rather than Symphyla, as being 

 ancestral to the Insecta. In Trans. Ent. Soc, April 1921, the 

 same author has a preliminary note on the interpretation 

 of insectan and myriapodan structures. The maxillulae (or 

 superlinguse), which are present in the more primitive insects, 

 are regarded as being the homologues of the paragnaths of 

 Crustacea. The work of Folsom on Anurida is discredited, and 

 the view that the maxillulae represent the appendages of a 

 separate head-segment is not accepted. The author also dis- 

 putes the often-repeated statement that the primitive biramous 

 condition of the limbs in the lower Crustacea is preserved in the 

 maxillae of insects. Any criticism of this important article 

 needs to remain in abeyance until the details, upon which its 

 conclusions are based, are forthcoming. The presidential 

 address to the Entomological Society of London by J. J. 

 Walker, on the insect fauna of New Zealand, brings together a 

 great deal of scattered information, and will prove useful to 

 students of geographical distribution. A second edition of 

 Houlbert's Les Insectes (Paris, 1920) has appeared. It is a 

 handbook of 374 pages with 207 text-figs., and is intended for 

 those who desire a general elementary knowledge of entomology. 

 After an interval of several years Lief. 5 and 6 of Schroder's 

 Handbuch der Entomologie has been published by Fischer of 

 Jena. 



