624 SCIENCE PROGRESS 



the hindwings are produced at the anal angle into a peculiar 

 point, which alone is usually sufficient to identify a species 

 belonging to this genus. Another closely allied to Precis is 

 Junonia, which also has the hindwings somewhat extended at 

 the angle, but not to the same degree as Precis, while the 

 markings in this genus generally include one or more conspicuous 

 eye-spots reminiscent of the familiar Peacock, though scarcely 

 equal to it in exquisite blend of colour. Junonia is less dis- 

 tinctly Ethiopian, numerous allied species being found in the 

 Indo-Malayan region, while Kallima, most abundant in the 

 latter region, and so striking on account of the amazing re- 

 semblance of the resting insects to leaves, has only one or two 

 African representatives. 



I have already mentioned Hypolimnas misippus, which is 

 such a remarkable mimic of L. chrysippus. It has many allied 

 species in Africa, all of which are handsome insects, the largest 

 being H. salmacis, a common and widely distributed butterfly, 

 expanding fully four inches, and having an intricate pattern 

 of rich blue and white on a black ground. Pseudacrcea is a 

 closely allied genus containing species which, as the name 

 implies, very closely mimic various species of the protected 

 AcrceincB. 



A very fine section of the subfamily is that which contains 

 the genus Charaxes, large bi-tailed insects of peculiarly striking 

 colour, one species of which, C. jasius, is found in South Europe 

 and the Mediterranean region generally. Curiously enough, 

 though it would appear probable that the European form has 

 reached Europe via the Nile region, there is, at the present 

 time, so far as has been discovered, a wide belt extending from 

 Lower Egypt through the Sudan, in which no species of this 

 genus is found, and the C. jasius has evidently been cut off at 

 some remote period and modified out of close resemblance to 

 the African species. 



To deal at all adequately with this great and interesting 

 subfamily is impossible within present limits, so, after mentioning 

 the very typical African genus Euphcedra, containing large 

 species of singularly rich and varied colouring, in which a 

 semi-metallic green is often prominent, I must pass on to the 

 next subfamily, the Satyrince, familiar to the British collector 

 as the somewhat dull-coloured " Browns " and " Heaths." 

 They may be dismissed as having no very striking features. 

 Though the typical European species are absent, there is no 

 great disparity between them and the usual African forms, 

 which are largely included in one genus, Mycalesis, practically 

 all of which may be readily distinguished by having a large 

 black eye with white pupil and surrounded by a pale ring, near 

 the hinder angle of the forewings, while the hindwings have 



