ZOOLOGY 391 



Steiner, " Hand und Fuss der Amphibixen, ein Beitrag zur Extremitaten- 

 frage " {ibid., Feb, 1921) ; Swingle, " Germ-cells of Anurans. I. The Male 

 Sexual Cycle of Rana catesbeiana " {Journ. Exper. ZooL, vol. 32, No. 2, Feb. 

 192 1) ; and Uhlenhuth, " Observations on the Distribution and Habits of 

 the Blind Texan Cave Salamander, Typhlomolge rathbuni " {Biol. Bull., vol. 

 40, No. 2, Feb. 192 1). 



Watson discusses at some length " The Bases of Classifica- 

 tion of the Theriodontia " {Proc. ZooL Soc, pt. i, March 192 1). 

 The use of the term Theriodontia was revived by the author in 

 1 9 14 to include the Therocephalia, the Gorgonopsida, the 

 Bauridae, and the Cynodontia. Additions have been made to 

 our knowledge of this group since that day, and these are utilised 

 to reopen the subject. A full description of a mass of material, 

 including a critical re-examination of previous descriptions, is 

 given and the interrelations of the various types discussed. 

 The author concludes that three orders — Deinocephalia, Dicyno- 

 dontia, and Theriodontia — probably arose from a common stock, 

 the nearest relatives of which are the Gorgonopsida and Droma- 

 sauria. He states that the classification of the group is still 

 unsatisfactory, but the present consideration does establish a 

 " series of evolutionary trends which persist throughout the 

 history of the Anomodontia." The skulls now known point 

 out the changes that have led from the Pelycosaurs of the 

 Lower Permian (like Seymouria) to the Cynodonts of the Lower 

 and Middle Trias." 



Other papers include : 



Broom, " On the Structure of the Reptilian Tarsus " {Proc. Zool. Soc, pt. 

 I, March 1921) ; Hewitt, " On some Lizards and Arachnids of Natal" {Ann. 

 Durban Mus., vol. iii, Jan. 1921) ; Laurens and Detwiler, " Studies on the 

 Retina. The Structure of the Retina of Alligator mississippiensis and its 

 Photochemical changes " {Journ. Exp. ZooL, vol. 32, No. 2, Feb. 1921) ; 

 Schmidt, " Zur Frage nach der Entstehung der Farbzellvereinigungen. 

 Beobachtungen bei den Gekonen Teratoscinsus und Gekolepis maculata " 

 {Anat. Aaz., bd. 53, Jan. 1921) ; and Shufeldt, " Observations on the Cervical 

 Region of the Spine in Chelonians " {Journ. Morph., vol. 35, No. i, March 1921). 



Pohlman, " The Position and Functional Interpretation of the Elastic 

 Ligaments in the Middle Ear Region of Gallus" {ibid., March 192 1) ; and 

 Rowan, " Some Notes on the Belted Kingfisher" {Canad. Field Nat., vol. 

 XXXV, Feb. 192 1). 



Sonntag has written on " The Comparative Anatomy of the 

 Tongues of the Mammaha 11 Family, i Simiidse " (Proc. ZooL 

 Soc, pt. I, March 192 1). This paper gives a detailed and com- 

 parative account of the structure of the tongue in the chim- 

 panzee, gorilla, orang-outan, siamang, and various species of 

 gibbon, and the measurements were all made on fresh specimens. 

 The author concludes inter alia that the tongue of the orang 

 approaches most nearly to that of man, and with him is the only 

 one to possess the apical gland of Nuhn. The apical notches 



