Meiosis 



31 



REFERENCES 



DeRobertis, E. D. P., Nowinski, W. W., and Saez, F. A., General Cytology, 3rd Ed., Philadel- 

 phia, Saunders, 1960. 



Rhoades, M. M., "Meiosis" in The Cell: Biochemistry, Physiology, Morphology, Brachet, J., 

 and A. E. Mirsky (Eds.), Vol. 3, Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis, pp. l-TS^ 

 New York, Academic Press, 1961. 



Sutton, W. S., 1903. "The Chromosomes in Heredity," Biol. Bull., 4:231-251. Reprinted 

 in Great Experiments in Biology, Gabriel, M. L., and S. Fogel (Eds.), Englewood 

 Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1955, pp. 248-254; also in Classic Papers in Genetics, Peters, 

 J. A. (Ed.), Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1959, pp. 27-41. 



Swanson, C. P., Cytology and Cytogenetics, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1957. 



Van Beneden, E., 1883. "Researches 



on the Maturation of the Egg 



and Fertilization," translated in 



Great Experiments in Biology, 



Gabriel, M. L., and S. Fogel 



(Eds.), Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 



Prentice-Hall, 1955, pp.245 248. 



Wilson, E. B., The Cell in Development 

 and Heredity, 3rd Ed., New York, 

 Macmillan, 1937. 



Edmund B. Wilson (1856-1939), 

 American cytologist. {By permission 

 of Genetics, Inc., vol. 34, p. I, 1949.) 



QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION 



4.1. Can sexually reproducing organ- 

 isms reproduce asexually? Is 

 the reverse true? Explain. 



4.2. What are the similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis? 



4.3. Suppose the meiotic process had never evolved. What do you think would have 

 been the consequence? 



4.4. Certain unusual chromosomes are rings rather than rods. Could a ring chromosome 

 have any difficulty during meiosis that a rod chromosome could not have? Explain. 



4.5. How many bivalents are present at metaphase I in man, corn, the garden pea? 



4.6. Discuss the statement: During meiosis, each segment of a chromosome segregates 

 independently of its homologous segment and of all other chromosome segments. 



4.7. Argue against the hypothesis that the physical basis of genes lies in the chromosomes. 



4.8. What do you suppose happens during meiosis in individuals possessing an odd number 

 of chromosomes? 



4.9. Suppose an animal has a diploid chromosome number of six. What proportion 

 of all its gametes would receive all the centromeres originally derived from the father? 

 from the mother? from either the father or mother? from both the father and mother? 



4.10. If you could see under a microscope only a single dead cell at metaphase, how could 

 you tell whether the cell was undergoing mitosis, metaphase I, or metaphase II? 



4.11. What are the similarities and differences between the segregation of genes and of 

 chromosomes? 



