OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 239 



a paler stratum. S. Cereolus, as described by Borrer, and figured in 

 E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2667, is certainly very near the present section, and 

 agrees in many respects with the species under notice. The apparent 

 difference of structure in the apothecia of this and of the next spe- 

 cies from Cladonia, Stereocaulon, and Biatora is one so anomalous, 

 that I prefer to leave them in this place, to which, indeed, their whole 

 habit would seem to refer them. 



8. S. acicvlare, Tuckerm. Crust persistent, of effuse, roundish, 

 whitish granules; podetia erect, terete, smooth, elongated (fistulous and 

 araneous within), divided at length irregularly into erect, subfastigiate, 

 at length denudate branches ; granules verruculose, pale-cinereous ; 

 apoth, at first subconical-globose, immarginate, often conglomerate, 

 from dark-greenish-nigrescent becoming black. Bceomyces, Meth. t. 8, 

 f. 4, dein Cenomyce, Ach. Cladonia, Auct. Stereocaulon, Mihi, Enum. 

 Lich. N. Amer. p. 52. 



On the earth ; Northwest Coast, Menzies ! Douglas, in herb. Hook. ! 

 Rocky Mountains, Herb. Hook. ! — New York, Halsey. Pennsylvania, 

 Muhl. Certainly a congener of the last. Fries remarks incidentally 

 (Lichenogr. p. 242), that the apothecia are almost those of Biatora. 

 Rugose cephalodia, like those of the last, occur also in the crust of this 

 species, and at the bases of the podetia. Sommerfelt (Suppl. FL Lapp, 

 p. 126) remarks that these cephalodia occur also in S. paschale, S, co- 

 rallinum, and S. denudatum. 



XIII. CLADONIA, HofFm. 



Apothecia orbiculate, submarginate ; becoming at length inflated, 

 cephaloid, and immarginate ; empty. Disk open, at length protuberant 

 and reflexed, concealing the proper exciple. Horizontal thallus squa- 

 mulose-foliaceous or crustaceous, from which arises a vertical, caules- 

 cent, cartilagineous, fistulous thallus {podetia). 



Series 1. Glaucescentes, Fr. Podetia greenish-glaucous. 



Apothecia rufous. 



1. C. alcicornis, Fr. Thallus csespitose, subfoliaceous, of palmate- 

 iaciniate, crenate, glaucous lobules ; podetia elongated-turbinate, some- 

 what verruculose, glabrous, of the same color ; scyphi regular, conca- 

 vo-plane, crenulate ; apothecia rufous. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 213. C. Cor- 

 nucopicE, Hoffm. Ttickerm. Lich. N. E. I. c. 



