OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 277 



2. P. faginea. Cr, tartareous-cartilagineous, cinereous-white, the 

 circumference zonate, often thin, polished, and somewhat bluish ; apoth. 

 hemispherical, bursting into mealy soredia. Lichen fagineus, L. 8f 

 Auct. (e Fr.). Variolaria muUipuncta, Turn, in Linn. Trans. 9, p. 

 137, t. 10, /. 1. V. faginea, Floerk. ! P. sorediata, Fr. — /5. orbi- 

 culata ; apoth. lax, explanate ; the nuclei expanded into a submembra- 

 naceous, denudate, flesh-colored disk, which at length falls out, leaving 

 the sorediiform verrucse. P. communis, /?. sorediata, c. orbiculata, Fr. 

 Lichenogr. p. 422. Variolaria faginea, communis, ^ corallina, Auct. 

 var. 



Trunks, dead wood, rocks, and stones ; New England and westward. 

 New York, Torrey. Pennsylvania, Muhl. Arctic America, Rich. 

 The Variolarise have been illustrated most largely by Turner and Bor- 

 rer, in the Lichenographia Britannica, and by the first-mentioned au- 

 thor in the Linnsean Transactions. That they are sorediiferous states 

 of various crustaceous Lichens has been shown at great length by 

 Meyer, Wallroth, and Fries, and this view is confirmed by the observa- 

 tions of Eschweiler and of Schaerer. To the present species, and the 

 last, most of our common Variolarioe are to be referred. 



3. P. papillata, Ach. (sub Porina). Cr. smooth, chinky, whitish ; 

 apoth. convex, hemispherical ; ostiole solitary, elevated, papillseform, 

 with a rufescent pore. Ach. Syn. p. 111. 



Trunks. New England. Pennsylvania, Muhl. 



4. P. glohularis, Ach. (sub Porina). Cr. of very numerous, subglo- 

 bose, and ramulose, glaucescent granules ; apoth. (infrequent) globose, 

 smooth, with a solitary, impressed, punctiform, black ostiole. Ach. 

 Syn. p. 112. 



Upon mosses, Pennsylvania, Muhl., Ach. 



5. p. hymenia. Cr. cartilagineous, pale-sulphureous or grayish, bor- 

 dered by a black line ; apoth. hemispherical-depressed, with a solitary, 

 depressed ostiole, or more often dehiscent, marginate, and somewhat 

 scutelliform, the discoid centre black-dotted. Turn. ^ Borr. Lich. Brit, 

 p. 185, sub Thelotr. Lichen hymenius, Ach. Prodr. P. Wulfenii, DC. 

 Fr. Lichenogr. p. 424. Porina fallax, Ach. Syn. 



Trunks. New England. New York, Halsey. Pennsylvania, Muhl. 



