238 NATURAL SCIENCE. March, 1894. 



graphs on particular groups, the Development of Siphonophora (1869), Studies on 

 Monera and other Protista (1870), Monograph of the Calcareous Sponges (1872). 

 The material for the latter work had been collected on excursions to Norway and 

 Dalmatia, and in it is first found the Gastrsea Theory, subsequently elaborated by 

 him ; according to which all many-celled animals are derived from and pass through in 

 their development a primitive sac-like form, the Gastrula. In 1874 was published 

 his " Anthropogenic," a popular exposition of the evolution of animals leading up 

 to man. About this time Haeckel travelled a good deal ; in 1873 to the Red Sea 

 in 1875 to Corsica, and in 1877 to Corfu. In 1876 appeared his important paper 

 on the Perlgenesis of the Plastidule. In 1877 he delivered his address before the 

 gathering of Naturalists in Munich, on the modern theory of development in 

 its relation to general science. This produced a reply from Virchow which 

 Haeckel answei'ed in his pamphlet "Free Knowledge and Free Teaching," 

 where he adapted as his motto, " Impavidi progrediamus." In 1881 appeared his 

 Monograph of the Medusae, and this was followed by a journey to Ceylon, which 

 gave rise to his charming " Indische Reise-briefe." After this Haeckel came into 

 closer connection with English scientific men, by the publication of his magnificent 

 ' Challenger " Reports on the Medusas (1881) ; on the Radiolaria (1887); on the 

 Siphonophora (1888), and on the Horny Sponges of the Deep Sea (1889). In 1890 

 he visited Algiers and Tunis, and in this year was published his " Plankton-Studien," 

 which summed up his pelagic researches and stated his views as to the distribution 

 of marine life in opposition to the views of Hensen and others. A continuation of 

 these researches was made in 1892, around the Hebrides, in company with John 

 Murray of the " Challenger," and in 1893, in the neighbourhood of Messina. Last 

 year also he published his " Monism as a Link between Religion and Science." 



It would be impossible here to enumerate the many eminent scientists who 

 have been pupils of Haeckel, and who have raised the fame of the University of 

 Jena. By his own fame, too, the University has been enriched, as in the case of 

 the endowment of a Professorship and a travelling studentship by Dr. Paul von 

 Ritter, and the bequest of the Countess Bose. Indeed his lucid and flowing style, 

 his orderly and philosophic grasp of facts, have attracted many to his works who 

 would otherwise have been repelled by their detail and technicality. In the broader 

 aspects of his scientific work he has been as it were the complement of Darwin in 

 the direction of Morphology and Embryology, somewhat as Herbert Spencer has 

 been in Psychology and Sociology. His works are adorned by drawings from his 

 own pencil, for he is an excellent draughtsman and water-colourist. Although sixty 

 years of age, he has the strength, energy, and freshness of a much younger man, 

 having been in earlier days a noted gymnast. In 1867 he took as his second wife 

 the daughter of the anatomist Huschke, by whom he has one son and two daughters. 

 Haeckel has never plunged far into the troublous sea of politics, but has reserved his 

 energies for fighting his own battles, and they have not been few, and for advancing 

 the standard of science, which he has done to no small extent. 



In connection with the P.N.E.U., the A.W.P.L. have arranged two courses 

 of lectures on natural history and geology, which are being given at the British 

 Museum (Natural History). The first course, on the Domesticated Animal, from 

 which men were excluded, was delivered by Miss Goodrich Freer on Saturday 

 afternoons during February. The place chosen for the lecture was that very 

 popular gallery of the Geological Department of the British Museum in which the 

 fossil Ammonites are exhibited. 



The next course vail be given by Miss Whitley on the mornings of March 2, g, 

 14, and 16. The subject is Field Work in relation to Practical Geology, and the 

 lecture hall is to be the adjoining public gallery of the same department (Members 

 meet near the Mastodon). After one hour's talking, the lecturer will give demonstra- 

 tions in the Museum, which, it is well known, contains a large number of exhibits 

 relating to practical geology (or, are we confusing it with the other establishment at 

 Jermyn Street ?) ; anyway there are some fine blocks of fossiliferous stone on which 

 the members can practise field work. 



