448 NATURAL SCIENCE. June. 



containing in it every elementary process, in greater or less degree. 

 In place of the parallel columns is set a criss-cross of connecting 

 lines. And though the scheme is generally accepted, the directions 

 and number of the lines are still (as has been indicated above) matters 

 of individual conviction. (2) Neither is the list to be considered as 

 in any sense exhaustive. Investigations of elementary questions (of 

 the intensity, quality, temporal and spatial relations of sensations, 

 affections, conditions) are not included in it. And there are, doubt- 

 less, many recent investigations of compound processes which do not 

 receive mention. 



Those to which I desire to call attention are the following : — 



(i.) Recognition. — The problem of direct and indirect recognition 

 has been the subject of a good deal of discussion during the last few 

 years. In his Grundriss der Psychologic, Kiilpe (a) propounds a new 

 theory on the basis of experimental work done, and (b) indicates the 

 path of future experimentation. — Cf. also an article on Reproduction in 

 the Philosophical Review. 



(2.) Fluctuations of Attention. — It is well known that we can 

 attend to an unchanging impression only for a very short time. The 

 suggestion had been made that this phenomenon was peripherally 

 conditioned by fatigue of the sense-organ. A series of articles in the 

 Philosophische Studien shows that the fluctuations are of central origin, 

 and rehabilitates attention as a conscious process involving other 

 than sensational elements. 



(3.) The Modes of Combination of Conscious Elements. — (a) Fusion. 

 The best account, theoretical and experimental, of Fusion is to be 

 found in Kiilpe's Grundriss. Articles have been pubhshed at intervals 

 since the appearance of the second volume of Stumpf's Tonpsychologie. 

 Sensation-fusion is one of the most promising fields for experimenta- 

 tion now open, {h) Association. Articles on ideational association, 

 in part based on Scripture's investigation in the Philosophische Studien^ 

 have appeared in Mind, The Psychological Review, The American Journal 

 of Psychology. Emotional association is treated briefly in Lehmann's 

 Hauptgesetze. Here, too, experiments are badly needed. — Cf. also (i), 



above. 



(4.) Memory. — An elaborate monograph, on the basis of Ebbing- 

 haus' Das Geddchtniss, has appeared in the Zeitschrift fiir Psychologic 

 und Physiologic der Sinnesovgane. 



(5.) Rhythm and Subjective Accentuation. — See The American journal 

 cf Psychology, and an unfinished series of papers in the Philosophische 

 Studien. 



(6.) Action (= idea + voluntary act; a disparate association). — 

 Some contributions have been made in the American journals to the 

 analytic psychology of the simple reaction. 



(7.) The Psychological Basis of Visual Aesthetics. — Two articles on 

 Fechnerian lines {i.e., dealing with the aesthetics of form) have been 

 published in the Philosophische Studien. 



