I2 o PAPERS FROM TORTUGAS LABORATORY vol. xxxiv 



The color of this species is more olivaceous than that of the gray snapper in 

 any of its phases. It is less inclined to orange than the schoolmaster. It lacks the 

 dark lateral spot of the lane snapper and the muttonfish, and has a longer snout 

 than the latter. The most distinctive mark, when displayed, is the light-colored 

 triangular blaze on the cheek with its vertex reaching the eye, though in this 

 detail the fish varies from moment to moment. 



Brazil to Florida, straying northward to Cape Cod. W. H. L. 



Lutianus synagris (Linnaeus). Lane snapper 



This species was reported by Jordan and Thompson (Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 

 vol. 24, 1904 (1905), p. 241) from "Isolated individuals, largely in eel grass." Dr. 

 Longley also took it on grass flats and observed it on the different reefs, especially 

 on "inner lighthouse reef." From the number of observations reported it may be 

 concluded that it is less numerous than the gray snapper and schoolmaster, and 

 about as common as the muttonfish and the dog snapper. 



The feeding habits are not reported, but it probably may be assumed that this 

 fish, like the gray snapper and the schoolmaster, feeds at night. At least Dr. 

 Longley found it "resting" among the coral heads during the day. A record of 

 the examination of the stomach contents of only one individual, 200 mm. long, 

 was found. This fish was taken early in the morning and had fed on 7 or 8 small 

 Jen kin sia la m protaen ia . 



This snapper, like some of the others, appears in two color phases, described 

 in part as follows in Dr. Longley's notes from a specimen 65 mm. long kept in 

 confinement : 



Banded phase: Broad dark bands, and eight narrow light ones. In this phase 

 there is a light brown line running from the mouth, through the eye, becoming 

 vague behind it. The dark spot of the unhanded phase falls within the fourth 

 dark band from the posterior end of the series. 



Unhanded phase: Grayish above, silvery below, with black spot above lateral 

 line and beneath anterior part of soft dorsal. Same oblique dark line through eye 

 as in banded phase. Narrow longitudinal stripes on body, three above lateral line 

 and five below it. 



The banded phase appeared whenever this particular specimen was placed in 

 a small dish and left to itself. The light phase appeared whenever it was disturbed 

 and set to swimming. 



Brazil to Florida. S. F. H. 



Lutianus vivanus (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 



A single specimen, 200 mm. long, was taken in 40 fathoms, south of Tortugas. 



W.H.L. 



According to Ginsburg (Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., vol. 46, 1930, p. 265, fig. 1), this 

 species, though related to Lutianus blackjordii, has only 8 soft rays in the anal, 

 and the scales are smaller, 72 to 73 oblique rows above the lateral line and 62 to 

 65 below it. Gill rakers are somewhat more numerous, there being 17 and 5 rudi- 

 ments on the lower limb of the first arch, and the iris is described as bright yellow 



