Vlll CONTENTS 



XIV. The discovery of the circulation of the blood: 



I. Harvey's predecessors 108 



i. Harvey 114 



* 



PART TWO 



BIOLOGY IN THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH 



CENTURIES 



I. The origin of the modern idea of nature in the seventeenth and 



eighteenth centuries iii 



II. The mechanical nature-systems 113 



III. Mystical speculation upon natural science 131 



IV. Biological research in the seventeenth century: 



I. Harvey's successors 141 



X. Attempts at a mechanical explanation of life-phenomena 151 



3. Microscopies and microtechnology 158 

 V. Biological speculations and controversial questions at the 



beginning of the eighteenth century 174 



VI. The development of systematic classification before Linnasus 190 



VII. Linnasus and his pupils 2.03 



VIII. Buffon XI 9 



IX. Invertebrate research in the eighteenth century 2.30 



X. Experimental and speculative biology in the eighteenth 



century X34 

 XI. Descriptive and comparative anatomy in the eighteenth 



century X58 

 XII. The first beginnings of modern chemistry and its influence 



upon the development of biology 2.64 

 XIII. Critical philosophy and Rc^mantic conceptions of nature: 



I. Kant and his immediate successors 2.68 



X. Goethe 2.79 



