ii IN 



198, 199, lOI, 12.1, 145, 151, 177, 181, 303, 

 310, 331, 334, 341, 361, 365, 430, 443, 470, 

 603, 609, 611 



Arrehenius, Svante, Swedish scientist, 595, 598 

 Artedi, Peter, Swedish scientist, 109, no 

 Asclepiads, early Greek physicians, 15 

 Aselli, Gasparo, Italian physician, 141-144, 



147 



Astronomy, development of, by the Arabs, 69; 

 contribution of Cartesianism, 115 



Athens, first mention of in Greek scientific 

 history, 13 



Atomic theory, origin of, 10; Lucretius' con- 

 ception of, 47; development by Dalton, 49; 

 development by Berzelius, 49 



Avenarius, Richard, Swiss philosopher, 517 



Averroes, Arabian philosopher, 71, 71 



Avicenna, see Abu Sina 



Babylon, earliest home of civilization, 5 

 Bacon, Francis, 87-89, 111, 176, 111, 175, 443, 



481 

 Bacon, Roger, mediaeval scientist, 80, 8i, 84 

 Bacteriology, recent developments in, 546-550 

 Baer, Karl Ernst von, German scientist, 363- 



366, 368, 373, 376, 381, 384, 483, 494, 517, 



532- 

 Bagg, biologist, 616 

 Balfour, Francis Maitland, English scientist, 



530. 531 

 Barthez, Paul Joseph, French scientist, 345, 



346 

 Bartholin, Caspar, professor of medicine, 144 

 Bartholin, Thomas, professor of medicine, 143- 



147, 156 

 Bary, Heinrich, Anton de, German biologist, 



558 

 Bataillon, A., French scientist, 583 

 Bates, Henry Walter, English scientist, 485, 487 

 Bateson, W., English biologist, 591 

 Bauhin, Caspar, professor of medicine, 194, 



196 

 Baur, Erwin, German biologist, 591, 594, 615 

 Beagle, cruise of the, 461 



Behring, Emil, German scientist, 548, 597, 598 

 Beitrdge zjir Methodik der Naturforschung, by 



Wigand, 483 

 Beitrdge xur Optik, work by Goethe, 181 

 Beitrdge zur Phytogenesis, essay by Schleiden, 391 

 Bell, Charles, Scotch anatomist, 374-375, 



377. 414 

 Belon, Pierre, scientist of the Renaissance, 97 

 Benecke, 405 

 Bentham, Jeremy, English political economist, 



446, 459 

 Bergman, 180 



D E X 



Berlin zoological museum, founded by 



Rudolphi, 353 

 Bernard, Claude, French physiologist, 377- 



380, 434, 4S4, 596 

 Berzelius, Jons Jakob, Swedish chemist, 193, 



354. 371-374. 383. 406. 4M. 431. 596 

 Bethe, Albrecht, German psychologist, 540, 



601 

 Bible, the, quoted by Linna:us, 107 

 Bichat, Marie Francois Xavier, French scien- 

 tist, 181, 118, 191, 314, 330, 345-351, 353, 

 354. 359. 361. 37^. 373. 376, 379. 384. 390. 

 397. 398. 41^. 444. 446. 603 

 Bijbel der Natuure, collected works of Swam- 



merdam, 168 

 Binary nomenclature, worked out by Linnasus, 



^13 



Biochemistry, modern developments in, 594- 

 598 



Biology, development of, 3-7; Greek specula- 

 lations in, 10-30; influence of Plato on, 33; 

 contributions of Aristotle to, 37-39, 43, 44; 

 contribution of Galen to, 64; service of 

 Albertus Magnus to, 80; progress in the 

 Renaissance, 81-107; niodern development 

 initiated by Harvey, 118; contribution of 

 Descartes to, 115; contribution of Paracelsus 

 to, 137; its debt to Malpighi and Grew, 

 164; contribution of Leeuwenhoek to, 166; 

 progress in 17th century, 111-173; contribu- 

 tion of Linnaeus to, 111; ecological, origi- 

 nated by Linna:us, 115; influence of Buffon 

 on. 111, 118; progress in i8th century, 

 174-163; aid given by Kant to, 17^1; ad- 

 vances in beginning of 19th century, 301- 

 351; pioneer work by Lamarck, 316-330; im- 

 portance of Cuvier to, 333-341; discoveries 

 of Purkinje, 381; importance of Darwin to, 

 477; service of cytology to, 541; geograph- 

 ical, 558-561; modern experimental methods, 

 574; present position of, 603 



"Biology," term created by Lamarck, 310 



Bismarck, 510, 513 



Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de, 359-361, 

 390, 441, 444, 445 



Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich, German anato- 

 mist, 306-309, 333, 334, 354, 417, 415, 450, 



555 

 Boerhaave, Hermann, Dutch scientist, 153, 



168, 183-186, 104, 106, 134, 138, 140, 345, 



347. 444 

 Bollstadt, Albert von, see Albertus Magnus 



Bonnet, Charles, Swiss scientist, 143-147, 148, 



■2-95. ^97. 308, 317. 32-8, 334. 340. 415 

 Bordeu, Theophile de, French scientist, 345, 

 346, 348 



